ReviewCancers2021
Cell-Cell Fusion Mediated by Viruses and HERV-Derived Fusogens in Cancer Initiation and Progression.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dynamics of Human Endogenous Retroviruses Expression, Proviral Load and Systemic Inflammatory Status Modulated by Physical Exercise and Aging.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The influence of cell-cell fusion on cancer heterogeneity and its promise for targeted treatments.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Implications of Heterotypic Cell Fusion in Cancer.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Revisiting Clonal Evolution Through the Light of Retrotransposons.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Shaping Viral Infection Outcomes via Organelle Remodeling.Annual review of virology · 2025Review
- Fusion of tumor cells and mesenchymal stem/stroma cells: a source of tumor heterogeneity, evolution and recurrence.Medical oncology (Northwood, London, England) · 2025Review
- Cell-cell fusion in cancer: The next cancer hallmark?The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology · 2024Review
- How Much Do You Fuse? A Comparison of Cell Fusion Assays in a Breast Cancer Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Exploring the role of endogenous retroviruses in seasonal reproductive cycles: a case study of the ERV-V envelope gene in mink.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Mathematical Modeling of Virus-Mediated Syncytia Formation: Past Successes and Future Directions.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Mechanisms of Cell Fusion in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Cell Fusion and Syncytia Formation in Cancer.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2024Review
- Altered Phenotypes of Breast Epithelial × Breast Cancer Hybrids after ZEB1 Knock-Out.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Article
- Endogenous retrovirus-derived enhancers confer the transcriptional regulation of human trophoblast syncytialization.Nucleic acids research · 2023Article
- COVID-19-The Shift of Homeostasis into Oncopathology or Chronic Fibrosis in Terms of Female Reproductive System Involvement.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Intrinsic signalling factors associated with cancer cell-cell fusion.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2023Review
- A comprehensive investigation of human endogenous retroviral syncytin proteins and their receptors in men with normozoospermia and impaired semen quality.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2023Article
- Extracellular Events Involved in Cancer Cell-Cell Fusion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Oncogenic and Stemness Signatures of the High-Risk HCMV Strains in Breast Cancer Progression.Cancers · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cell fusion is a well-known, but still scarcely understood biological phenomenon, which might play a role in cancer initiation, progression and formation of metastases. Although the merging of two (cancer) cells appears simple, the entire process is highly complex, energy-dependent and tightly regulated. Among cell fusion-inducing and -regulating factors, so-called fusogens have been identified as a specific type of proteins that are indispensable for overcoming fusion-associated energetic barriers and final merging of plasma membranes. About 8% of the human genome is of retroviral origin and some well-known fusogens, such as syncytin-1, are expressed by human (cancer) cells. Likewise, enveloped viruses can enable and facilitate cell fusion due to evolutionarily optimized fusogens, and are also capable to induce bi- and multinucleation underlining their fusion capacity. Moreover, multinucleated giant cancer cells have been found in tumors derived from oncogenic viruses. Accordingly, a potential correlation between viruses and fusogens of human endogenous retroviral origin in cancer cell fusion will be summarized in this review.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.