ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Roles of the 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase Superfamily in the Flavonoid Pathway: A Review of the Functional Diversity of F3H, FNS I, FLS, and LDOX/ANS.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 43 papers.
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43 citing papers in PubMed, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Modular control of orchid beauty: co-expression networks orchestrate organ development and evolution in Phalaenopsis flower.Plant molecular biology · 2026Article
- Foliar application of green-synthesized MoO₃ nanoparticles alleviates salinity stress in molokhia by boosting antioxidant defense and stress-related gene expression.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Natural variation links seedling hypocotyl growth with water loss in Arabidopsis.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Article
- Integrated Metabolomics and Targeted Gene Expression Profiling Reveal the Arginine-Anthocyanin Axis in Pomegranate Aril Paleness Disorder.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Genome-Wide Evolution and Stress-Responsive Regulation of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenases inGenes · 2026Article
- Integrated metabolome and transcriptome reveal the molecular basis of flavonoid pathway-mediated fruit firmness variation in sweet cherry (Current research in food science · 2026Article
- Transposable elements: a key piece in the genomic evolution and adaptation of Myrtaceae species.Mobile DNA · 2025Article
- Genome-wide exploration of 2OGD superfamily in Raphanus sativus: unveiling two ANS genes as key players in anthocyanin biosynthesis.Genetica · 2025Article
- Biosynthesis and Application of Catechins and Their Derivatives inFood science & nutrition · 2025Review
- Functional characterization of key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of distinctive flavonoids and stilbenoids inHorticulture research · 2025Article
- Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of the MYC gene family in Triticum monococcum L. subsp. aegilopoides with a focus on the red glume mutant.Journal of applied genetics · 2025Article
- Insight into the rutin biosynthesis in the unique flavonol synthesis pathway of Tartary buckwheat based on the enzymatic functions of FLSs.TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik · 2025Article
- The Antarctic moss 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenases (Pn2-ODD2) enhanced the tolerance to drought and oxidative stress.BMC plant biology · 2025Article
- Overexpression of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- cDNA Cloning, Bioinformatics, and Expression Analysis ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Biochemical evaluation of molecular parts for flavonoid production using plant synthetic biology.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (2-OGD) superfamily is one of the largest protein families in plants. The main oxidation reactions they catalyze in plants are hydroxylation, desaturation, demethylation, epimerization, and halogenation. Four members of the 2-OGD superfamily, i.e., flavonone 3β-hydroxylase (F3H), flavones synthase I (FNS I), flavonol synthase (FLS), and anthocyanidin synthase (ANS)/leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase (LDOX), are present in the flavonoid pathway, catalyzing hydroxylation and desaturation reactions. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress on these proteins, from the discovery of their enzymatic activity, to their functional verification, to the analysis of the response they mediate in plants towards adversity. Substrate diversity analysis indicated that F3H, FNS Ⅰ, ANS/LDOX, and FLS perform their respective dominant functions in the flavonoid pathway, despite the presence of functional redundancy among them. The phylogenetic tree classified two types of FNS Ⅰ, one mainly performing FNS activity, and the other, a new type of FNS present in angiosperms, mainly involved in C-5 hydroxylation of SA. Additionally, a new class of LDOXs is highlighted, which can catalyze the conversion of (+)-catechin to cyanidin, further influencing the starter and extension unit composition of proanthocyanidins (PAs). The systematical description of the functional diversity and evolutionary relationship among these enzymes can facilitate the understanding of their impacts on plant metabolism. On the other hand, it provides molecular genetic evidence of the chemical evolution of flavonoids from lower to higher plants, promoting plant adaptation to harsh environments.
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