Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34771017›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Hazelnut Shells as Source of Active Ingredients: Extracts Preparation and Characterization.

Alessandro Di Michele, Cinzia Pagano, Agnese Allegrini, Francesca Blasi, Lina Cossignani, Enrico Di Raimo, Marco Faieta, Eleonora Oliva, Paola Pittia, Sara Primavilla and 5 more

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
2.7field-weighted citation impact, top 10% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 46 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Valorization of Hazelnut (Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Pharmaceutics · 2022
    Article
  14. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

Alessandro Di MicheleDepartment of Physics and Geology, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0357-2608
Cinzia PaganoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0827-9299
Agnese AllegriniDepartment of Agricolture and Forestry (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3339-0191
Francesca BlasiDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1902-2686
Lina CossignaniDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3433-604X
Enrico Di RaimoIstituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.
Marco FaietaFaculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-6214-1114
Eleonora OlivaFaculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.
Paola PittiaFaculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0020-9077
Sara PrimavillaIstituto Zooprofilattico dell'Umbria e delle Marche, Via G. Salvemini 1, 06126 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5711-3685
Manuel SergiFaculty of Bioscience and Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, Via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1130-5294
Camilla VicinoDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.
Maurizio RicciDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-3373-9771
Bartolomeo SchironeDepartment of Agricolture and Forestry (DAFNE), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Luana PerioliDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-3890-3283
University of Perugia · ITUniversity of Teramo · ITIstituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Umbria e delle Marche · ITUniversità degli Studi della Tuscia · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Hazelnut shells represent a waste material (about 42% of the total biomass) deriving from hazelnut harvest. These are mainly used as a heating source; however, they represent an interesting source of polyphenols useful in health field. The impact on phenolic profile and concentrations of hazelnut shell extracts obtained by three extraction methods (maceration, ultrasonic bath, and high-power ultrasonic), as well as temperature, extraction time, and preventive maceration, was studied. The prepared extracts were characterized in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Eighteen different phenolic compounds were identified and quantified by chemical analysis and gallic acid was the most abundant in all the extracts analyzed. Other relevant compounds were chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid and catechin. Preventive maceration had a positive effect on the extraction of different types of compounds regardless of the method performed. Application of the high-power ultrasonic method had different effects, either positive or negative, depending on the type of compound and extraction time. All the prepared extracts showed antioxidant activity especially those prepared by maceration, and many of them were able to inhibit the growth of both

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsBacillus cereusBacillus subtilisBenzothiazolesBiphenyl CompoundsCorylusMicrobial Sensitivity TestsPicratesPlant ExtractsSulfonic Acids1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acidAnti-Bacterial AgentsAntioxidantsBenzothiazolesBiphenyl CompoundsPicratesPlant ExtractsSulfonic Acidsantimicrobialantioxidant activityextractshazelnut shells by-productshigh-power ultrasonicmacerationultrasonic bathvalorizationwaste

Identifiers

PMID34771017
PMCPMC8587741
OpenAlexW3210219832

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.