ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Insect Protein Content Analysis in Handcrafted Fitness Bars by NIR Spectroscopy. Gaussian Process Regression and Data Fusion for Performance Enhancement of Miniaturized Cost-Effective Consumer-Grade Sensors.
Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Applications of NIR Spectroscopy and Chemometrics for Food Authentication and Safety: Detection of Adulterants and Contaminants.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Evaluating the Use of Vibrational Spectroscopy to Detect the Level of Adulteration of Cricket Powder in Plant Flours: The Effect of the Matrix.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Performance of benchtop and portable spectroscopy equipment for discriminating Iberian ham according to breed.Current research in food science · 2024Article
- Analysis of the Composition of Different Instars ofInsects · 2023Article
- Exploring the Analytical Complexities in Insect Powder Analysis Using Miniaturized NIR Spectroscopy.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Article
- Miniaturized NIR Spectroscopy in Food Analysis and Quality Control: Promises, Challenges, and Perspectives.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Detection of Cherry Quality Using YOLOV5 Model Based on Flood Filling Algorithm.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Analysis of wheat flour-insect powder mixtures based on their near infrared spectra.Food chemistry: X · 2022Article
- Origin Identification of Hungarian Honey Using Melissopalynology, Physicochemical Analysis, and Near Infrared Spectroscopy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Geographic Origin Discrimination of Millet Using Vis-NIR Spectroscopy Combined with Machine Learning Techniques.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
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Abstract
Future food supply will become increasingly dependent on edible material extracted from insects. The growing popularity of artisanal food products enhanced by insect proteins creates particular needs for establishing effective methods for quality control. This study focuses on developing rapid and efficient on-site quantitative analysis of protein content in handcrafted insect bars by miniaturized near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers. Benchtop (Büchi NIRFlex N-500) and three miniaturized (MicroNIR 1700 ES, Tellspec Enterprise Sensor and SCiO Sensor) in hyphenation to partial least squares regression (PLSR) and Gaussian process regression (GPR) calibration methods and data fusion concept were evaluated via test-set validation in performance of protein content analysis. These NIR spectrometers markedly differ by technical principles, operational characteristics and cost-effectiveness. In the non-destructive analysis of intact bars, the root mean square error of cross prediction (RMSEP) values were 0.611% (benchtop) and 0.545-0.659% (miniaturized) with PLSR, and 0.506% (benchtop) and 0.482-0.580% (miniaturized) with GPR calibration, while the analyzed total protein content was 19.3-23.0%. For milled samples, with PLSR the RMSEP values improved to 0.210% for benchtop spectrometer but remained in the inferior range of 0.525-0.571% for the miniaturized ones. GPR calibration improved the predictive performance of the miniaturized spectrometers, with RMSEP values of 0.230% (MicroNIR 1700 ES), 0.326% (Tellspec) and 0.338% (SCiO). Furthermore, Tellspec and SCiO sensors are consumer-oriented devices, and their combined use for enhanced performance remains a viable economical choice. With GPR calibration and test-set validation performed for fused (Tellspec + SCiO) data, the RMSEP values were improved to 0.517% (in the analysis of intact samples) and 0.295% (for milled samples).
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