SynthesisSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021
Virtual Reality-Based Therapy Improves Fatigue, Impact, and Quality of Life in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis. A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis.
Synthesis in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07149272 (Lactate Kinetics After Multimodal Exercise and Adjunctive Virtual Reality Exercise in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 28 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Lactate Kinetics After Multimodal Exercise and Adjunctive Virtual Reality Exercise in Hospitalized Geriatric Patients : A Randomized Control Trial
Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 68 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virtual reality for multiple sclerosis rehabilitation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Virtual reality-based therapy improves balance and reduces fear of falling in patients with multiple sclerosis. a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2023Pooled it
- Effectiveness of Virtual Reality on Balance and Risk of Falls in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- NintendoInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Home-based Virtual Rehabilitation to Improve Adherence to Prescribed Home Therapy After Burn Injury: A Northwest Regional Burn Model System Trial.Journal of burn care & research : official publication of the American Burn Association · 2025Trial
- Breathlessness and exercise with virtual reality system in long-post-coronavirus disease 2019 patients.Frontiers in public health · 2023Trial
- Fatigue influences embodiment perception and motor performance in multiple sclerosis subjects: a cross-sectional immersive virtual reality study.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Effect of Motion-Controlled Video Games-Based Virtual Reality Exercise on Patients with Post-COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Gait Kinematics Assessed by ViconSensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Observational
- Depression, Anxiety, and MSQOL-54 Outcomes in RRMS Patients Receiving Fingolimod or Cladribine: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Article
- Reinterpretation of the rod-and-frame illusion: a virtual reality study.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Multimodal Lifestyle Intervention Improves Fatigue in Quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Controlled Study.Crohn's & colitis 360 · 2025Article
- The Interplay Between Health Disparities and Acceptability of Virtual Reality: A Survey Study.Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking · 2024Article
- Alexithymia and Bipolar Disorder: Virtual Reality Could Be a Useful Tool for the Treatment and Prevention of These Conditions in People with a Physical Comorbidity.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Effectiveness of specific scapular therapeutic exercises in patients with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.JSES reviews, reports, and techniques · 2024Review
- Cybersickness in People with Multiple Sclerosis Exposed to Immersive Virtual Reality.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Leveraging Emerging Technologies to Expand Accessibility and Improve Precision in Rehabilitation and Exercise for People with Disabilities.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Review
- Being in Virtual Reality and Its Influence on Brain Health-An Overview of Benefits, Limitations and Prospects.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Virtual Reality Technology for Physical and Cognitive Function Rehabilitation in People With Multiple Sclerosis.Rehabilitation research and practice · 2024Review
- Managing multiple sclerosis in individuals aged 55 and above: a comprehensive review.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) have a high level of fatigue and a reduced quality of life (QoL) due to the impact of multiple sclerosis (MS). Virtual reality-based therapy (VRBT) is being used to reduce disability in PwMS. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of VRBT on fatigue, the impact of MS, and QoL in PwMS.
methodsA systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted through a bibliographic search on PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and PEDro up to April 2021. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with PwMS that received VRBT in comparison to conventional therapy (CT) including physiotherapy, balance and strength exercises, and stretching or physical activity, among others; or in comparison to simple observation; in order to assess fatigue, MS-impact, and QoL. The effect size was calculated using Cohen's standardized mean difference with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI).
resultsTwelve RCTs that provided data from 606 PwMS (42.83 ± 6.86 years old and 70% women) were included. The methodological quality mean, according to the PEDro Scale, was 5.83 ± 0.83 points. Our global findings showed that VRBT is effective at reducing fatigue (SMD -0.33; 95% CI -0.61, -0.06), lowering the impact of MS (SMD -0.3; 95% CI -0.55, -0.04), and increasing overall QoL (0.5; 95% CI 0.23, 0.76). Subgroup analysis showed the following: (1) VRBT is better than CT at reducing fatigue (SMD -0.4; 95% CI -0.7, -0.11), as well as in improving the mental dimension of QoL (SMD 0.51; 95% CI 0.02, 1); (2) VRBT is better than simple observation at reducing the impact of MS (SMD -0.61; 95% CI -0.97, -0.23) and increasing overall QoL (SMD 0.79; 95% CI 0.3, 1.28); and (3) when combined with CT, VRBT is more effective than CT in improving the global (SMD 0.6, 95% CI 0.13, 1.07), physical (SMD 0.87; 95% CI 0.3, 1.43), and mental dimensions (SMD 0.6; 95% CI 0.08, 1.11) of QoL.
conclusionVRBT is effective at reducing fatigue and MS impact and improving QoL in PwMS.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.