Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34770103›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Modification of Apremilast from Pills to Aerosol a Future Concept.

Paul Zarogoulidis, Christoforos Kosmidis, Nikolaos Kougkas, Aimilios Lallas, Dimitris Petridis, Wolfgang Hohenforst-Schmidt, Haidong Huang, Lutz Freitag, Chrisanthi Sardeli

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Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Paul ZarogoulidisPulmonary Department, General Clinic, Euromedica Private Hospital, 546 45 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5119-2207
Christoforos Kosmidis3rd Surgery Department, AHEPA University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 21 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nikolaos KougkasRheumatology Department, IPPOKRATEIO University General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-5275-8639
Aimilios Lallas1st Dermatology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 540 06 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Dimitris PetridisDepartment of Food Science and Technology, International Hellenic University, 507 01 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Wolfgang Hohenforst-SchmidtSana Clinic Group Franken, Department of Cardiology, Pulmonology, Intensive Care, Nephrology, Hof Clinics, University of Erlangen, 91054 Hof, Germany.
Haidong HuangDepartment of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University), Shanghai 200433, China.
Lutz FreitagDepartment of Pulmonology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
Chrisanthi SardeliDepartment of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 546 45 Thessaloniki, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-6410-2992

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundInhaled drugs have been available in the market for several years and for several diseases. Drugs for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cystic fibrosis, and diabetes have been used for several years. In the field of drug modification, these drugs range from tablets to aerosol.

methodsMilling as used to break down the tablets to powder and nebulisers are used to produce aerosol droplets. A mastersizer was used to measure the mass median aerodynamic diameter of the aerosol droplets.

resultsApremilast produced mmad diameters (2.43 μm) without any statistical difference between the different jet-nebulizers. The residual cup B contributed to greater mmad diameters as the 95% interval of mean values, based on those the ANOVA mean square clearly indicated, followed by cups C and F. The previous interval plot is much better clarified when the interaction means between drug and residual cap are plotted. The residual cups B, C and F produce mmad between (2.0-3.2).

conclusionIn the current research study we demonstrated our methodology to create apremilast powder and produce apremilast aerosol droplets with different nebulisers and residual cups.

Indexed as

Nebulizers and VaporizersPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAdministration, InhalationAerosolsHumansParticle SizeThalidomideAerosolsapremilastThalidomideapremilastjet-nebulisersmastersizernebuliserspsoriasisultrasound nebulisers

Identifiers

PMID34770103
PMCPMC8582726

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.