ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): A Cytoarchitectural Common Neurobiological Trait of All Addictions.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developing the Dopamine D3 Receptor (D3R) Antagonist, (R)-VK4-116, as a Non-Opioid Medication for the Treatment of Opioid Use Disorder.Medicinal research reviews · 2026Review
- Prevalence of Social Media Addiction and Associations With Usage Patterns, Burnout, and Health Conditions Among Medical Trainees in China: Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2026Article
- Beyond Dopamine: Precision Pain Medicine Requires Phenotyping and Team Science, Not Just New Targets.International journal of spine surgery · 2026Article
- Predicting Substance Use in Young Adults: The Role of Childhood Adversity.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Billions Spent, Few Saved: Rethinking National Institutes of Health HEAL Initiative in Light of Dopaminergic Alternatives to the Opioid Trap.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia and Inflammaging in the Management of Spine Pain: The Case for Genetically Directed Dopamine Homeostasis.International journal of spine surgery · 2025Article
- Psychological resilience as emotional armour in family dysfunction and food addiction among Ghanaian tertiary students.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2025Article
- Smartphone Addiction and Related Factors among Athletes.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Summary Document Research on RDS Anti-addiction Modeling: Annotated Bibliography.Journal of addiction psychiatry · 2024Article
- The Lived Experiences of Individuals and Coping Strategies in the Context of Internet Gaming Disorder: A Qualitative Study Within Higher Education Setting in Uganda.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- Invited Expert Opinion- Bioinformatic and Limitation Directives to Help Adopt Genetic Addiction Risk Screening and Identify Preaddictive Reward Dysregulation: Required Analytic Evidence to Induce Dopamine Homeostatsis.Medical research archives · 2023Article
- Positive Clinical Outcomes for Severe Reported Pain Using Robust Non-Addictive Home Electrotherapy-A Case-Series.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Article
- Neurogenetics and Epigenetics of Loneliness.Psychology research and behavior management · 2023Review
- Future Newborns with Opioid-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS) Could Be Assessed with the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test and Potentially Treated Using Precision Amino-Acid Enkephalinase Inhibition Therapy (KB220) as a Frontline Modality Instead of Potent Opioids.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Review
- Theorizing the Role of Dopaminergic Polymorphic Risk Alleles with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED), Violent/Aggressive Behavior and Addiction: Justification of Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Testing.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Genetic Addiction Risk and Psychological Profiling Analyses for "Preaddiction" Severity Index.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Should Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) Be Considered an Umbrella Disorder for Mental Illness and Associated Genetic and Epigenetic Induced Dysregulation of Brain Reward Circuitry?Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Prenatal Effects of Nicotine on Obesity Risks: A Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Review
- Researching Mitigation of Alcohol Binge Drinking in Polydrug Abuse: KCNK13 and RASGRF2 Gene(s) Risk Polymorphisms Coupled with Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Guiding Precision Pro-Dopamine Regulation.Journal of personalized medicine · 2022Article
- Identification of the Risk Genes Associated With Vulnerability to Addiction: Major Findings From Transgenic Animals.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 9 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Alcohol and other substance use disorders share comorbidity with other RDS disorders, i.e., a reduction in dopamine signaling within the reward pathway. RDS is a term that connects addictive, obsessive, compulsive, and impulsive behavioral disorders. An estimated 2 million individuals in the United States have opioid use disorder related to prescription opioids. It is estimated that the overall cost of the illegal and legally prescribed opioid crisis exceeds one trillion dollars. Opioid Replacement Therapy is the most common treatment for addictions and other RDS disorders. Even after repeated relapses, patients are repeatedly prescribed the same opioid replacement treatments. A recent JAMA report indicates that non-opioid treatments fare better than chronic opioid treatments. Research demonstrates that over 50 percent of all suicides are related to alcohol or other drug use. In addition to effective fellowship programs and spirituality acceptance, nutrigenomic therapies (e.g., KB220Z) optimize gene expression, rebalance neurotransmitters, and restore neurotransmitter functional connectivity. KB220Z was shown to increase functional connectivity across specific brain regions involved in dopaminergic function. KB220/Z significantly reduces RDS behavioral disorders and relapse in human DUI offenders. Taking a Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) test combined with a the KB220Z semi-customized nutrigenomic supplement effectively restores dopamine homeostasis (WC 199).
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.