Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34769721›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021

Clinical Reasoning Needs to Be Explicitly Addressed in Health Professions Curricula: Recommendations from a European Consortium.

Ioannis Parodis, Lina Andersson, Steven J Durning, Inga Hege, Jure Knez, Andrzej A Kononowicz, Marie Lidskog, Tadej Petreski, Magdalena Szopa, Samuel Edelbring

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07608315 (Effect of Adaptive AI-Supported Simulation on Physiology Learning Outcomes Among Medical Students), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07608315 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2025, after this paper: background citation

Effect of Adaptive AI-Supported Simulation on Physiology Learning Outcomes Among Medical Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorSaveetha UniversityRan2025 to 2026Enrolled672ConditionsPhysiology Education, Simulation-Based Learning, v, Artificial Intelligence in EducationArmsAI-Assisted Algorithm-Supported Adaptive Simulation, Conventional Physiology Instruction
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Integrating Systems and Critical Thinking, Clinical Reasoning, Decision-Making, and Judgement in Dietetic Education: Development of a Conceptual Pilot Model.Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. The Development and Evaluation of a Clinical Reasoning Case for Second-Year Medical Students.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Observational
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Ioannis ParodisDivision of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-4875-5395
Lina AnderssonSchool of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
Steven J DurningDepartment of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
Inga HegeMedical Education Sciences, Medical School, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany.
Jure KnezDivision for Gynaecology and Perinatology, University Medical Centre Maribor and Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.
Andrzej A KononowiczDepartment of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30 688 Krakow, Poland.ORCID 0000-0003-2956-2093
Marie LidskogSchool of Medical Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
Tadej PetreskiDepartment of Nephrology, Clinic for Internal Medicine, University Medical Centre Maribor and Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia.ORCID 0000-0001-6470-7863
Magdalena SzopaDepartment of Medical Education, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30 688 Krakow, Poland.
Samuel EdelbringSchool of Health Sciences, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.ORCID 0000-0002-1110-0782

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Clinical reasoning entails the application of knowledge and skills to collect and integrate information, typically with the goal of arriving at a diagnosis and management plan based on the patient's unique circumstances and preferences. Evidence-informed, structured, and explicit teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning in educational programs of medical and other health professions remain unmet needs. We herein summarize recommendations for clinical reasoning learning objectives (LOs), as derived from a consensus approach among European and US researchers and health professions educators. A four-step consensus approach was followed: (1) identification of a convenience sample of the most relevant and applied national LO catalogues for health professions educational programs (N = 9) from European and US countries, (2) extraction of LOs related to clinical reasoning and translation into English, (3) mapping of LOs into predefined categories developed within the Erasmus+ Developing, implementing, and disseminating an adaptive clinical reasoning curriculum for healthcare students and educators (DID-ACT) consortium, and (4) synthesis of analysis findings into recommendations for how LOs related to clinical reasoning could be presented and incorporated in LO catalogues, upon consensus. Three distinct recommendations were formulated: (1) make clinical reasoning explicit, (2) emphasize interprofessional and collaboration aspects of clinical reasoning, and (3) include aspects of teaching and assessment of clinical reasoning. In addition, the consortium understood that implementation of bilingual catalogues with English as a common language might contribute to lower heterogeneity regarding amount, structure, and level of granularity of clinical reasoning LOs across countries. These recommendations will hopefully motivate and guide initiatives towards the implementation of LOs related to clinical reasoning in existing and future LO catalogues.

Indexed as

Clinical ReasoningCurriculumClinical CompetenceHealth OccupationsHumansKnowledgeLearningclinical reasoningcurriculum developmentcurriculum mappinghealth professions educationmedical education

Identifiers

PMID34769721
PMCPMC8583438

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.