ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Reconstituting Immune Surveillance in Breast Cancer: Molecular Pathophysiology and Current Immunotherapy Strategies.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- The effect of resiquimod (a Toll-like receptor-7/8 agonist) on the balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in breast cancer patients.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Conquering aging-related immunosenescence and tumor immune escape.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of Antioxidant-Rich Mexican Oregano (Nutrients · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Breast Cancer Therapeutics: Intersecting Frontiers of Precision Medicine, Nanotechnology, and Drug Delivery Innovations.Current treatment options in oncology · 2025Review
- Combination of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound irradiating immune organs with immune checkpoint blockade augments systemic anti-tumor immunity on low tumor burden 4T-1 breast cancer.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Small molecule inhibitors for treating breast cancer: drug analysis based on the pathogenesis of breast cancer.Future medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Hypoxia upregulates the expression of PD-L1 via NPM1 in breast cancer.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer: current trends and future prospects.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Review
- A pilot study incorporating HER2-directed dendritic cells into neoadjuvant therapy of early stage HER2+ER- breast cancer.NPJ breast cancer · 2025Article
- A prognostic model for breast cancer survival based on PCD and m6A gene interactions.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nanomedicine-induced programmed cell death enhances tumor immunotherapy.Journal of advanced research · 2024Review
- Multifaceted roles for BCL3 in cancer: a proto-oncogene comes of age.Molecular cancer · 2024Review
- Transcription Factor Forkhead Box Protein 3 (FOXP3) as a Prognostic Indicator for Postoperative Outcomes in Patients with Breast Cancer: Establishment of a Prognostic Nomogram.Breast cancer (Dove Medical Press) · 2024Article
- Causal Relationship between Immune Cells and Gynecological Cancers through Bidirectional and Multivariable Mendelian Randomization Analyses.Journal of Cancer · 2024Article
- The prognostic significance of human ovarian aging-related signature in breast cancer after surgery: A multicohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Comprehensive analysis of gene expression profiles to identify differential prognostic factors of primary and metastatic breast cancer.Saudi journal of biological sciences · 2022Article
- Extracellular Vesicles as Mediators of Therapy Resistance in the Breast Cancer Microenvironment.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- PDLIM2 is highly expressed in Breast Cancer tumour-associated macrophages and is required for M2 macrophage polarization.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, breast cancer immunotherapy has emerged as an active field of research, generating novel, targeted treatments for the disease. Immunotherapies carry enormous potential to improve survival in breast cancer, particularly for the subtypes carrying the poorest prognoses. Here, we review the mechanisms by which cancer evades immune destruction as well as the history of breast cancer immunotherapies and recent developments, including clinical trials that have shaped the treatment of the disease with a focus on cell therapies, vaccines, checkpoint inhibitors, and oncolytic viruses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.