ArticleInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
PD-L1 Inhibitors: Different Classes, Activities, and Mechanisms of Action.
Article in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- One Face, Three Solutions: Structural Convergence in PD-L1 Inhibition across Antibodies, Macrocycles, and Small Molecules.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Anti-Programmed Cell Death-1 Versus Anti-Programmed Death-Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in PD-L1-Negative Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.World journal of oncology · 2025Article
- Advancements in Melanoma Treatment: A Review of PD-1 Inhibitors, T-VEC, mRNA Vaccines, and Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy in an Evolving Landscape of Immunotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Advancements in drug discovery: integrating CADD tools and drug repurposing for PD-1/PD-L1 axis inhibition.RSC advances · 2025Article
- Into the Future: Fighting Melanoma with Immunity.Cancers · 2024Review
- Comprehensive Advanced Physicochemical Characterization and In Vitro Human Cell Culture Assessment of BMS-202: A Novel Inhibitor of Programmed Cell Death Ligand.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Light-activated azobenzene peptide inhibitor of the PD-1/PD-L1 interaction.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Nonsymmetrically Substituted 1,1'-Biphenyl-Based Small Molecule Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 Interaction.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Solubilizer Tag Effect on PD-L1/Inhibitor Binding Properties forACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2024Article
- Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule-Based Radioligands with Improved Pharmacokinetic Properties for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Exploring Hydrophilic PD-L1 Radiotracers Utilizing Phosphonic Acids: Insights into Unforeseen Pharmacokinetics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Establishment of Human PD-1/PD-L1 Blockade Assay Based on Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) Biosensor.Bio-protocol · 2023Article
- Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of 2-Hydroxy-4-phenylthiophene-3-carbonitrile as PD-L1 Antagonist and Its Comparison to Available Small Molecular PD-L1 Inhibitors.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2023Article
- Peptides as multifunctional players in cancer therapy.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Design and Biological Evaluation of Small-Molecule PET-Tracers for Imaging of Programmed Death Ligand 1.Cancers · 2023Article
- PD-1/PD-L1 and DNA Damage Response in Cancer.Cells · 2023Review
- Theoretical and experimental studies on the interaction of biphenyl ligands with human and murine PD-L1: Up-to-date clues for drug design.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Article
- Article
- Development of Radiotracers for Imaging of the PD-1/PD-L1 Axis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of PD-1/PD-L1 Antagonists Bearing a Benzamide Scaffold.ACS medicinal chemistry letters · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) interaction has become an established strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Although hundreds of small-molecule, peptide, and peptidomimetic inhibitors have been proposed in recent years, only a limited number of drug candidates show good PD-1/PD-L1 blocking activity in cell-based assays. In this article, we compare representative molecules from different classes in terms of their PD-1/PD-L1 dissociation capacity measured by HTRF and in vitro bioactivity determined by the immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) co-culture assay. We point to recent discoveries that underscore important differences in the mechanisms of action of these molecules and also indicate one principal feature that needs to be considered, which is the eventual human PD-L1 specificity.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.