Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34768969›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021

The Next Generation of Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics for Inherited Retinal Disease.

Luis A Martinez Velazquez, Brian G Ballios

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. USH2A-Mutated Human Retinal Organoids Model Rod-Cone Dystrophy.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Mutation Specific Treatments for Inherited Retinal Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025
    Review
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Luis A Martinez VelazquezDepartment of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
Brian G BalliosDepartment of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada.ORCID 0000-0002-4644-3339

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inherited retinal degenerations (IRDs) are a diverse group of conditions that are often characterized by the loss of photoreceptors and blindness. Recent innovations in molecular biology and genomics have allowed us to identify the causative defects behind these dystrophies and to design therapeutics that target specific mechanisms of retinal disease. Recently, the FDA approved the first in vivo gene therapy for one of these hereditary blinding conditions. Current clinical trials are exploring new therapies that could provide treatment for a growing number of retinal dystrophies. While the field has had early success with gene augmentation strategies for treating retinal disease based on loss-of-function mutations, many novel approaches hold the promise of offering therapies that span the full spectrum of causative mutations and mechanisms. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the approaches currently in development including a discussion of retinal neuroprotection, gene therapies (gene augmentation, gene editing, RNA modification, optogenetics), and regenerative stem or precursor cell-based therapies. Our review focuses on technologies that are being developed for clinical translation or are in active clinical trials and discusses the advantages and limitations for each approach.

Indexed as

Cell- and Tissue-Based TherapyGene EditingGenetic TherapyHumansMolecular Targeted TherapyNeuroprotectionOptogeneticsRegenerative MedicineRetinal DegenerationantioxidantAONsCRISPRgene editinggene therapyinherited retinal diseaseneuroprotectionoptogeneticsretinaRNA modificationstem cells

Identifiers

PMID34768969
PMCPMC8583900

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.