ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Postoperative Natural Killer Cell Dysfunction: The Prime Suspect in the Case of Metastasis Following Curative Cancer Surgery.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventional factors influencing natural killer cell immunity in colorectal cancer: a systematic review.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Pooled it
- Trial
- Effect of Remimazolam- Vs Propofol-Based Intravenous Anesthesia on Surgical Stress Response and Post-Operative Immune Function in Patients with Gastric Radical Surgery.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- Distinct NK cell dynamics in SARIFA positive colorectal cancer patients indicate persistent patient-intrinsic immune signatures after tumor resection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Guided immunotherapy for residual solid tumor: integrating platelets and CAR T cells to reduce post-surgical recurrence.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- Survival Comparison of Proximal and Total Gastrectomy after Neoadjuvant Therapy in Siewert Type II/III Gastric Adenocarcinoma: A Real-World Multicenter Cohort Study.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- The Impacts of Local Anesthetics and Surgical Trauma on Immunity.Veterinary medicine international · 2026Review
- Effects of surgery on cancer metastasis: biological mechanisms and perioperative implications.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory Effects of Multivitamin Complexes ContainingBiomedicines · 2025Article
- Mistletoe in Cancer Cell Biology: Recent Advances.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Article
- Brigatinib can inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis of human immortalized keratinocyte cells.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Exercise boost after surgery improves survival in model of metastatic breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Impact of anesthetic factors on prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer after surgery.Journal of thoracic disease · 2023Article
- Influence of Laparoscopic Surgery on Cellular Immunity in Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Cancers · 2023Review
- Natural Killer Cells and Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Cabozantinib-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles: A Potential Adjuvant Strategy for Surgically Resected High-Risk Non-Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Gross Total Resection Promotes Subsequent Recovery and Further Enhancement of Impaired Natural Killer Cell Activity in Glioblastoma Patients.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Dezocine Has the Potential to Regulate the Clinical and Biological Features of Tumors.Drug design, development and therapy · 2022Article
- Monitoring Pre- and Post-Operative Immune Alterations in Patients With Locoregional Colorectal Cancer Who Underwent Laparoscopy by Single-Cell Mass Cytometry.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Surgical resection is the foundation for the curative treatment of solid tumors. However, metastatic recurrence due to the difficulty in eradicating micrometastases remain a feared outcome. Paradoxically, despite the beneficial effects of surgical removal of the primary tumor, the physiological stress resulting from surgical trauma serves to promote cancer recurrence and metastasis. The postoperative environment suppresses critical anti-tumor immune effector cells, including Natural Killer (NK) cells. The literature suggests that NK cells are critical mediators in the formation of metastases immediately following surgery. The following review will highlight the mechanisms that promote the formation of micrometastases by directly or indirectly inducing NK cell suppression following surgery. These include tissue hypoxia, neuroendocrine activation, hypercoagulation, the pro-inflammatory phase, and the anti-inflammatory phase. Perioperative therapeutic strategies designed to prevent or reverse NK cell dysfunction will also be examined for their potential to improve cancer outcomes by preventing surgery-induced metastases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.