ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Gender Differences in Urothelial Bladder Cancer: Effects of Natural Killer Lymphocyte Immunity.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex determines the natural killer cell-mediated immunity against pancreatic cancer.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Lack of De-Intensification Models for Female Head and Neck Cancer Patients With Favorable Prognosis.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Urothelial carcinoma mimicking Bosniak IV cystic mass: A case report.Radiology case reports · 2025Article
- Incidence trends, histological subtypes, and topographical distribution of bladder cancer in Iran: a study based on the Iranian National Cancer Registry during 2006-2015.Frontiers in oncology · 2024Article
- Cancer surveillance for transgender and gender diverse patients with Lynch syndrome: a practice resource of the Collaborative Group of the Americas on Inherited Gastrointestinal Cancer.Familial cancer · 2023Review
- GNRH family genes contributed to gender-specific disparity of bladder cancer prognosis through exerting opposite regulatory roles between males and females.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Sex differences in treatment patterns for non-advanced muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a descriptive analysis of 3484 patients of the Netherlands Cancer Registry.World journal of urology · 2022Article
- Article
- Biomarkers to assess the risk of bladder cancer in patients presenting with haematuria are gender-specific.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Men are more likely to develop cancer than women. In fact, male predominance is one of the most consistent cancer epidemiology findings. Additionally, men have a poorer prognosis and an increased risk of secondary malignancies compared to women. These differences have been investigated in order to better understand cancer and to better treat both men and women. In this review, we discuss factors that may cause this gender difference, focusing on urothelial bladder cancer (UBC) pathogenesis. We consider physiological factors that may cause higher male cancer rates, including differences in X chromosome gene expression. We discuss how androgens may promote bladder cancer development directly by stimulating bladder urothelium and indirectly by suppressing immunity. We are particularly interested in the role of natural killer (NK) cells in anti-cancer immunity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.