ReviewJournal of clinical medicine2021
Functionally Heterogenous Macrophage Subsets in the Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis: Novel Targets for Disease Monitoring and Treatment.
Review in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Treatment strategies in giant cell arteritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: beyond glucocorticoids.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2026Review
- Small-Molecule Strategies for Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Giant Cell Arteritis in Older Adults.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Monocytes/Macrophages in Giant Cell Arteritis-Polymyalgia Rheumatica Spectrum Disease.Aging and disease · 2025Review
- Dynamic macrophage phenotypes in autoimmune and inflammatory rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2025Review
- Ocular Manifestations of Giant Cell Arteritis.Advances in ophthalmology and optometry · 2025Article
- Trans-omics landscape of systemic vasculitis identified matrix metalloproteinase 12 as a novel signature molecule.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Predominance of T-bet-positive Th1 cells in infiltrating T-lymphocytes in most of active arteritis lesions of giant cell arteritis.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- Glucocorticoid boluses followed by tocilizumab in giant cell arteritis patients: effects on peripheral blood monocytes and lymphocytes.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Review
- Giant Cell Arteritis: Advances in Understanding Pathogenesis and Implications for Clinical Practice.Cells · 2024Review
- Evidence for increased interferon type I activity in CD8+ T cells in giant cell arteritis patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Changes in the molecular profiles of large-vessel vasculitis treated with biological disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and Janus kinase inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Use of high-plex data provides novel insights into the temporal artery processes of giant cell arteritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Effects of β2 Integrins on Osteoclasts, Macrophages, Chondrocytes, and Synovial Fibroblasts in Osteoarthritis.Biomolecules · 2022Review
- New Insights into the Pathogenesis of Giant Cell Arteritis: Mechanisms Involved in Maintaining Vascular Inflammation.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Novel PET Imaging of Inflammatory Targets and Cells for the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Giant Cell Arteritis and Polymyalgia Rheumatica.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Pathogenic role of monocytes/macrophages in large vessel vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Giant Cell Arteritis: Updates and Controversies.Frontiers in ophthalmology · 2022Review
- The innate face of Giant Cell Arteritis: Insight into cellular and molecular innate immunity pathways to unravel new possible biomarkers of disease.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2022Review
- Folate Receptor Beta for Macrophage Imaging in Rheumatoid Arthritis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a granulomatous large-vessel vasculitis that affects adults above 50 years of age. In GCA, circulating monocytes are recruited to the inflamed arteries. With cues from the vascular microenvironment, they differentiate into macrophages and play important roles in the pathogenesis of GCA via pro-inflammatory cytokine production and vascular remodeling. However, a deeper understanding of macrophage heterogeneity in GCA pathogenesis is needed to assist the development of novel diagnostic tools and targeted therapies. Here, we review the current knowledge on macrophage heterogeneity and diverse functions of macrophage subsets in the pathogenesis of GCA. We next discuss the possibility to exploit their heterogeneity as a source of novel biomarkers and as targets for nuclear imaging. Finally, we discuss novel macrophage-targeted therapies and future directions for targeting these cells in GCA.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.