ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Reliability, and Psychophysical Validation of the Pain and Sleep Questionnaire Three-Item Index in Finnish.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 14 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identical movement control exercises with and without synchronized breathing for chronic non-specific low back pain:A randomized pilot trial.Journal of back and musculoskeletal rehabilitation · 2024Trial
- Validity and Reliability of a Smartphone-Based Gait Assessment in Measuring Temporal Gait Parameters: Challenges and Recommendations.Biosensors · 2025Article
- Protocol of identical exercise programs with and without specific breathing techniques for the treatment of chronic non-specific low back pain: randomized feasibility trial with two-month follow-up.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2023Article
- The Key Role of Lifestyle Factors in Perpetuating Chronic Pain: Towards Precision Pain Medicine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Reciprocal relationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain and various sleep disturbances are well established. The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index (PSQ-3) is a concise, valid, and reliable patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) that directly evaluates how sleep is affected by chronic low back pain (CLBP). Translation and cross-cultural validation of The Pain and Sleep Questionnaire three-item index Finnish version (PSQ-3-FI) were conducted according to established guidelines. The validation sample was 229 subjects, including 42 pain-free controls and 187 subjects with chronic musculoskeletal pain. Our aims were to evaluate internal consistency, test-retest reliability, measurement error, structural validity, convergent validity, and discriminative validity and, furthermore, to study the relationships between dizziness, postural control on a force plate, and objective sleep quality metrics and total PSQ-3-FI score. The PSQ-3-FI demonstrated good internal consistency, excellent test-retest reliability, and small measurement error. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed acceptable fit indices to a one-factor model. Convergent validity indicated fair to good correlation with pain history and well-established pain-related PROMs. The PSQ-3-FI total score successfully distinguished between the groups with no pain, single-site pain, and multisite pain. A higher prevalence of dizziness, more impaired postural control, and a general trend towards poorer sleep quality were observed among subjects with higher PSQ-3-FI scores. Postural control instability was more evident in eyes-open tests. The Finnish PSQ-3 translation was successfully cross-culturally adapted and validated. The PSQ-3-FI appears to be a valid and reliable PROM for the Finnish-speaking CLBP population. More widespread implementation of PSQ-3 would lead to better understanding of the direct effects of pain on sleep.
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