ReviewImmunology letters2022
Mechanisms underpinning poor antibody responses to vaccines in ageing.
Review in Immunology letters, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- How age and sex interaction is associated with immune aging with implications for vaccines and age-related autoimmunity.npj aging · 2026Review
- IL-2 silencing enables Tfh cell expansion during vaccination but is redundant for antibody production.Immunology and cell biology · 2026Article
- Age-related thymic involution: Mechanistic insights and rejuvenating approaches to restore immune function.Science advances · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal stromal cells counteract with age-related immune decline and enhance vaccine efficacy by modulating endogenous splenic marginal reticular cells in elderly models.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Aging and vaccines: impact of immunosenescence and inflammaging in vaccine response.Frontiers in aging · 2026Review
- Transplantation immunology: paradigm shift from systemic suppression to microenvironment remodeling and precision modulation.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Review
- Distribution of Ectopic Germinal Centers in Thymic Epithelial Tumors and Their Relationship With Thymic Involution.Cancer science · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 spike sequence-based distance as a marker of binding antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines.Vaccine · 2025Article
- Comprehensive characterisation of age-related changes in cell subpopulations and tissue structural properties in secondary lymphoid organs.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Pre-Vaccination Immunotypes and Immune Entropy Are Indicators of Multiple Vaccine Responsiveness.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Understanding and improving vaccine efficacy in older adults.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Age-Related Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Lymph Node Stromal Cells Limit the Peripheral T Cell Homeostatic Maintenance and Function.Aging cell · 2025Article
- Aging reshapes the adaptive immune system from healer to saboteur.Nature aging · 2025Review
- Immune Aging, Immunosenescence, and Inflammaging: Implications for Vaccine Response in Older Adults.Health science reports · 2025Article
- A Modular Mathematical Model of the Immune Response for Investigating the Pathogenesis of Infectious Diseases.Viruses · 2025Article
- The inflammaging microenvironment induces dysfunctional rewiring of Tfh cell differentiation.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Review
- Single-cell transcriptome profile during the antibody decline phase following inactivated COVID-19 vaccination.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Vaccines are a highly effective intervention for conferring protection against infections and reducing the associated morbidity and mortality in vaccinated individuals. However, ageing is often associated with a functional decline in the immune system that results in poor antibody production in older individuals after vaccination. A key contributing factor of this age-related decline in vaccine efficacy is the reduced size and function of the germinal centre (GC) response. GCs are specialised microstructures where B cells undergo affinity maturation and diversification of their antibody genes, before differentiating into long-lived antibody-secreting plasma cells and memory B cells. The GC response requires the coordinated interaction of many different cell types, including B cells, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells and stromal cell subsets like follicular dendritic cells (FDCs). This review discusses how ageing affects different components of the GC reaction that contribute to its limited output and ultimately impaired antibody responses in older individuals after vaccination. An understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the age-related decline in the GC response is crucial in informing strategies to improve vaccine efficacy and extend the healthy lifespan amongst older people.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.