ArticlePloS one2021
Chronic diseases associated with increased likelihood of hospitalization and mortality in 68,913 COVID-19 confirmed cases in Spain: A population-based cohort study.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Asthma and COPD as co-morbidities in patients hospitalised with Covid-19 disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2023Pooled it
- COVID-19 Infection Before or After Colorectal Cancer Diagnosis Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality and Treatment Delays Compared to Patients Who Never Tested Positive.Cancer medicine · 2025Article
- Classification of the ICU Admission for COVID-19 Patients with Transfer Learning Models Using Chest X-Ray Images.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Prevalence of COVID-19 and Long COVID by Industry and Occupation: Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2022.American journal of industrial medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating the Severity of COVID-19 Infection in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Jordan.Pulmonary medicine · 2025Article
- Impacts of COVID-19 on clinical indicators and mortality in patients with chronic conditions in Catalonia, Spain: A retrospective population-based cohort study.Journal of global health · 2024Observational
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Acute Lower Respiratory Tract Infections: A Narrative Literature Review.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Herbal Self-medication Practice for Coronavirus Disease 2019 in Sudan: A Public Survey, 2021.Current therapeutic research, clinical and experimental · 2024Article
- Racial Disparities in Hospital Utilization Among Patients with Multimorbidity.Journal of health care for the poor and underserved · 2024Article
- Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination and Vaccine Hesitancy Among People with Chronic Diseases in Thailand: Role of Attitudes and Vaccine Literacy Towards Future Implications.Patient preference and adherence · 2024Article
- Mental health and risk of death and hospitalization in COVID-19 patients. Results from a large-scale population-based study in Spain.PloS one · 2024Article
- Access to healthcare services for people with non-communicable diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ibadan, Nigeria: a qualitative study.BMC health services research · 2023Article
- Article
- Associations between obstructive sleep apnea and COVID-19 infection and hospitalization among US adults.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2023Article
- Review
- Anti-RBD IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibody levels after the second BNT162b2 dose in patients with plasma cell disorders.PloS one · 2023Article
- Article
- Incidence and Severity of SARS-CoV-2 Infections in People With Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia.International journal of public health · 2023Article
- [Factors associated with mortality due to SARS-CoV-2 in the population over 75 years of age in the Community of Madrid].Revista clinica espanola · 2022Article
- COVID-19 Pneumonia in Fully Vaccinated Adults during the Dominance of the Omicron Sublineages BA.1.1 and BA.2 in Mexico.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical outcomes among COVID-19 patients vary greatly with age and underlying comorbidities. We aimed to determine the demographic and clinical factors, particularly baseline chronic conditions, associated with an increased risk of severity in COVID-19 patients from a population-based perspective and using data from electronic health records (EHR).
methodsRetrospective, observational study in an open cohort analyzing all 68,913 individuals (mean age 44.4 years, 53.2% women) with SARS-CoV-2 infection between 15 June and 19 December 2020 using exhaustive electronic health registries. Patients were followed for 30 days from inclusion or until the date of death within that period. We performed multivariate logistic regression to analyze the association between each chronic disease and severe infection, based on hospitalization and all-cause mortality.
results5885 (8.5%) individuals showed severe infection and old age was the most influencing factor. Congestive heart failure (odds ratio -OR- men: 1.28, OR women: 1.39), diabetes (1.37, 1.24), chronic renal failure (1.31, 1.22) and obesity (1.21, 1.26) increased the likelihood of severe infection in both sexes. Chronic skin ulcers (1.32), acute cerebrovascular disease (1.34), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (1.21), urinary incontinence (1.17) and neoplasms (1.26) in men, and infertility (1.87), obstructive sleep apnea (1.43), hepatic steatosis (1.43), rheumatoid arthritis (1.39) and menstrual disorders (1.18) in women were also associated with more severe outcomes.
conclusionsAge and specific cardiovascular and metabolic diseases increased the risk of severe SARS-CoV-2 infections in men and women, whereas the effects of certain comorbidities are sex specific. Future studies in different settings are encouraged to analyze which profiles of chronic patients are at higher risk of poor prognosis and should therefore be the targets of prevention and shielding strategies.
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