Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34767455›Full record

ArticleScience immunology2021

Single-cell multiomics defines tolerogenic extrathymic Aire-expressing populations with unique homology to thymic epithelium.

Jiaxi Wang, Caleb A Lareau, Jhoanne L Bautista, Alexander R Gupta, Katalin Sandor, Joe Germino, Yajie Yin, Matthew P Arvedson, Gabriella C Reeder, Nathan T Cramer and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 58 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
58citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

58 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. RORγtNature communications · 2026
    Article
  10. RORγtScience immunology · 2026
    Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Review
  17. ThymUS approaching maturity.Nature immunology · 2025
    Article
  18. Unexpected heterogeneity and tissue-specific properties of the thymic hematopoietic antigen-presenting cell network.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  19. RORγt eTACs mediate oral tolerance and Treg induction.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Jiaxi WangDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6043-9953
Caleb A LareauDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-4179-4807
Jhoanne L BautistaDepartment of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Alexander R GuptaDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2813-6175
Katalin SandorDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2892-4865
Joe GerminoDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Yajie YinDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2220-005X
Matthew P ArvedsonDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Gabriella C ReederDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7286-4615
Nathan T CramerDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Fang XieDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Vasilis NtranosDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-2477-0670
Ansuman T SatpathyDepartment of Pathology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-5167-537X
Mark S AndersonDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-3093-4758
James M GardnerDiabetes Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-3470-9520

Funding

MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR IMMUNOLOGYT32AI007334 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI CYSTER, JASON G · 1988 to 2023
$11.0M
Project 3: Epitope Selection in Type 1 DiabetesP01AI118688 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ANDERSON, MARK S · 2016 to 2020
$8.4M
Restorative practice in repairing harm and promoting safe and inclusive practices in the laboratory.T32GM136547 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI Adrian Erlebacher, Anita Sil · 2020 to 2026
$4.5M
Filling a Void of Research (FAVOR) Training for Transplant SurgeonsT32AI125222 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PETER G STOCK, Minnie M Sarwal · 2016 to 2026
$3.4M
4DN Interrogation of T Cell Exhaustion in CancerU01CA260852 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SATPATHY, ANSUMAN · 2020 to 2024
$2.6M
Developing eTACs as a Novel Method of Tolerance in Type 1 DiabetesR01DK101622 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI ANDERSON, MARK S · 2014 to 2018
$1.7M
Single cell epigenomics in cancer immunity and immunotherapyK08CA230188 · NCI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI SATPATHY, ANSUMAN · 2018 to 2020
$448k
NCI NIH HHS K08 CA230188NCI NIH HHS U01 CA260852NIAID NIH HHS P01 AI118688NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI007334NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI125222NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK101622NIGMS NIH HHS T32 GM136547
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The autoimmune regulator (Aire), a well-defined transcriptional regulator in the thymus, is also found in extrathymic Aire-expressing cells (eTACs) in the secondary lymphoid organs. eTACs are hematopoietic antigen-presenting cells and inducers of immune tolerance, but their precise identity has remained unclear. Here, we use single-cell multiomics, transgenic murine models, and functional approaches to define eTACs at the transcriptional, genomic, and proteomic level. We find that eTACs consist of two similar cell types: CCR7

Indexed as

Single-Cell AnalysisAIRE ProteinAnimalsEpitheliumImmune ToleranceMiceMice, Inbred C57BLMice, Inbred NODMice, TransgenicThymus GlandTranscription FactorsAIRE ProteinTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID34767455
PMCPMC8855935

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.