Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34767448›Full record

ArticleScience advances2021

Automated audiovisual behavior recognition in wild primates.

Max Bain, Arsha Nagrani, Daniel Schofield, Sophie Berdugo, Joana Bessa, Jake Owen, Kimberley J Hockings, Tetsuro Matsuzawa, Misato Hayashi, Dora Biro and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
30citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

30 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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  8. The growing methodological toolkit for identifying and studying social learning and culture in non-human animals.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. From Forest to Zoo: Great Ape Behavior Recognition with ChimpBehave.International journal of computer vision · 2025
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Behavioral Coding of Captive African Elephants (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Max BainVisual Geometry Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-2345-5441
Arsha NagraniVisual Geometry Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2190-9013
Daniel SchofieldPrimate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3308-0209
Sophie BerdugoPrimate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-2162-1087
Joana BessaDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-7196-5369
Jake OwenDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8490-3949
Kimberley J HockingsCentre for Ecology and Conservation, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6187-644X
Tetsuro MatsuzawaDivision of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E. California Blvd., MC 228-77, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.
Dora BiroDepartment of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-3408-6274
Susana CarvalhoPrimate Models for Behavioural Evolution Lab, Institute of Human Sciences, School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0003-4542-3720
Andrew ZissermanVisual Geometry Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-8945-8573

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Large video datasets of wild animal behavior are crucial to produce longitudinal research and accelerate conservation efforts; however, large-scale behavior analyses continue to be severely constrained by time and resources. We present a deep convolutional neural network approach and fully automated pipeline to detect and track two audiovisually distinctive actions in wild chimpanzees: buttress drumming and nut cracking. Using camera trap and direct video recordings, we train action recognition models using audio and visual signatures of both behaviors, attaining high average precision (buttress drumming: 0.87 and nut cracking: 0.85), and demonstrate the potential for behavioral analysis using the automatically parsed video. Our approach produces the first automated audiovisual action recognition of wild primate behavior, setting a milestone for exploiting large datasets in ethology and conservation.

Identifiers

PMID34767448
PMCPMC8589313

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.