ArticleJSES international2021
Reciprocal inhibition improves posterior shoulder tightness and shoulder range of motion in youth baseball players.
Article in JSES international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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3 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- Internal rotation in the 3rd position as a candidate marker for multi-year shoulder ROM monitoring in collegiate pitchers: a 4-year individual follow-up of six clinical measures.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Cross-Body Versus Combined Sleeper Stretch for Posterior Shoulder Tightness: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Cureus · 2025Article
- Characteristics and Clinical Assessment of Elbow Pain in Youth Baseball Players.Sports (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of reciprocal inhibition for posterior shoulder tightness (PST), internal rotation at 90° abduction (ABIR) limitation, and subacromial impingement in elementary and junior high school baseball players.
methodsThe present study included 290 elementary school and junior high school baseball players who were members of an organized baseball team and attended a medical checkup in 2014. Seventeen participants were excluded because they were left-handed. We applied a sit-up exercise as a tool of reciprocal inhibition to all participants. Before and after the sit-up exercise, we evaluated the shoulder range of motion (ROM) in external rotation at 90° abduction (ABER), ABIR, and horizontal flexion (HF) in both shoulders and the prevalence of subacromial impingement in the dominant shoulder. We defined PST as a ≧15°decrease in the HF angle of the dominant shoulder in comparison to the nondominant shoulder before the sit-up exercise and divided participants into two groups (the PST group and the non-PST groups). An independent
resultsFifty-six of 273 participants had PST in the initial examination. The initial examination revealed that the ROM of ABIR and HF in the dominant shoulder were significantly lower in the PST group than those in the non-PST group, whereas the ROM of ABER and total arc were significantly higher in the PST group. The prevalence of subacromial impingement in the PST group was significantly higher than that in the non-PST group. The sit-up exercise improved ABER, ABIR, total arc, HF, and the prevalence of subacromial impingement in both groups. However, the amount of ROM change did not differ between the two groups for any parameter with the exception of HF.
conclusionThe presence of PST affects the prevalence of subacromial impingement but was not related to the loss of ABIR or the prevalence of pathological glenohumeral internal rotation deficit. The sit-up exercise, as reciprocal inhibition, can transiently improve the prevalence of subacromial impingement via the improvement of PST.
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