ArticleFrontiers in molecular biosciences2021
Lutein and Zeaxanthin in the Lipid Bilayer-Similarities and Differences Revealed by Computational Studies.
Article in Frontiers in molecular biosciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intra-Relations of Biochemical Profiles Defining the Germination Potential of Medium-Term Cold-Stored Maize (Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Phytochemical Dynamics and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Dandelion (Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Advances in Sustainable Lutein Production: Sources, Technologies, and Functional Applications.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Protective Effects of Natural Lipophilic Antioxidants on UV-Induced Lipid Oxidation in Liposomes and Their Enhancement.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Dynamic and Energetic Aspects of Carotenoids In-and-Around Model Lipid Membranes Revealed in Molecular Modelling.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- How Do Xanthophylls Protect Lipid Membranes from Oxidative Damage?The journal of physical chemistry letters · 2023Article
- An Overview of Lutein in the Lipid Membrane.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Physiological Significance of the Heterogeneous Distribution of Zeaxanthin and Lutein in the Retina of the Human Eye.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Lutein and zeaxanthin are two similar carotenoids of the xanthophyll subgroup. Carotenoids are synthesized almost entirely by plants but are also present in significant amounts in animals. They are essential components of the lipid matrix of biomembranes, and one of their functions is to protect cells from light radiation, free radicals and oxidative stress. Carotenoids, depending on their chemical structure, can locate at various positions and in different orientations in the bilayer. Xanthophylls (XAN) are polar and in the bilayer are positionally restricted. In the case of lutein and zeaxanthin, whose both ionone rings are hydroxy-substituted and as such are anchored in the lipid bilayer interfaces, the position is generally transmembrane. However, both experimental and computer modelling studies indicate that lutein can also locate horizontally below the bilayer interface. This location has never been observed for zeaxanthin. To find a molecular-level explanation for the difference in the orientations of the XAN molecules in the bilayer, a number of phosphatidylcholine-XAN bilayers were constructed and molecular dynamics (MD) simulated for 1.1 µs each. The all-
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