ReviewAsian journal of urology2021
Blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer: Are we ready for reflex testing in men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen?
Review in Asian journal of urology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- 2022 Update on Prostate Cancer Epidemiology and Risk Factors-A Systematic Review.European urology · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- The clinical utility of prostate MRI before biopsy.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Utility of the PROSTest, a Novel Blood-Based Molecular Assay, Versus PSA for Prostate Cancer Stratification and Detection of Disease.The Prostate · 2026Article
- Urine-based PSMA detection for noninvasive prostate cancer diagnosis: recent advances, translational challenges, and future perspectives.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Bio fluid exosomes: promises, challenges, and future directions in translational medicine.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Variation in PSA Levels by Age, Adiposity, Race and Ethnicity, and Genetic Risk: Implications for Prostate Cancer Screening.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2025Article
- Article
- Liquid Biomarkers in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis: Current Status and Emerging Prospects.The world journal of men's health · 2025Review
- Molecular diagnostics of prostate cancer: impact of molecular tests.Asian journal of andrology · 2024Review
- A Scaled Proteomic Discovery Study for Prostate Cancer Diagnostic Markers Using ProteographInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Development of an effective predictive screening tool for prostate cancer using the ClarityDX machine learning platform.NPJ digital medicine · 2024Article
- The sensor applications for prostate and lung cancer biomarkers in terms of electrochemical analysis.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2024Review
- Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer: From Diagnosis to Treatment.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Prediction of clinically significant prostate cancer through urine metabolomic signatures: A large-scale validated study.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Economic evaluation of prostate cancer risk assessment methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis using population data.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Recent advances and future perspectives in the therapeutics of prostate cancer.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2023Article
- Expression Analysis of miRNAs and Their Potential Role as Biomarkers for Prostate Cancer Detection.American journal of men's healthArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThere is no consensus on the role of biomarkers in determining the utility of prostate biopsy in men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA). There are numerous biomarkers such as prostate health index, 4Kscore, prostate cancer antigen 3, ExoDX, SelectMDx, and Mi-Prostate Score that may be useful in this decision-making process. However, it is unclear whether any of these tests are accurate and cost-effective enough to warrant being a widespread reflex test following an elevated PSA. Our goal was to report on the clinical utility of these blood and urine biomarkers in prostate cancer screening.
methodsWe performed a systematic review of studies published between January 2000 and October 2020 to report the available parameters and cost-effectiveness of the aforementioned diagnostic tests. We focus on the negative predictive value, the area under the curve, and the decision curve analysis in comparing reflexive tests due to their relevance in evaluating diagnostic screening tests.
resultsOverall, the biomarkers are roughly equivalent in predictive accuracy. Each test has additional clinical utility to the current diagnostic standard of care, but the added benefit is not substantial to justify using the test reflexively after an elevated PSA.
conclusionsOur findings suggest these biomarkers should not be used in binary fashion and should be understood in the context of pre-existing risk predictors, patient's ethnicity, cost of the test, patient life-expectancy, and patient goals. There are more recent diagnostic tools such as multi-parametric magnetic resonance imaging, polygenic single-nucleotide panels, IsoPSA, and miR Sentinel tests that are promising in the realm of prostate cancer screening and need to be investigated further to be considered a consensus reflexive test in the setting of prostate cancer screening.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.