ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Case Report: The Carotid Body in COVID-19: Histopathological and Virological Analyses of an Autopsy Case Series.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lessons Learned From Awake ECMO Approach in Covid-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome - a Scoping Review.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2025Review
- COVID-19 Infection Raising Suspicions of a Connection between Vascular Damage and Thrombus Formation.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2024Article
- COVID-19 and silent hypoxemia in a minimal closed-loop model of the respiratory rhythm generator.Biological cybernetics · 2024Article
- Carotid body dysregulation contributes to Long COVID symptoms.Communications medicine · 2024Article
- The Impact of SARS-CoV-2 Infection on the Length of Stay in the Neuro-ICU:A Prospective Multicenter Cohort Study in Eight Neuro-ICU, China Between February and April 2023.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2024Article
- ACE2 Receptor and TMPRSS2 Protein Expression Patterns in the Human Brainstem Reveal Anatomical Regions Potentially Vulnerable to SARS-CoV-2 Infection.ACS chemical neuroscience · 2023Article
- Patient Self-Inflicted Lung Injury-A Narrative Review of Pathophysiology, Early Recognition, and Management Options.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral proteins and genomic sequences in human brainstem nuclei.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2023Article
- Carotid Body Dysfunction and Mechanisms of Disease.Advances in anatomy, embryology, and cell biology · 2023Article
- Relapsing TIPIC Syndrome after Administration of an mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine.Case reports in vascular medicine · 2023Article
- Subacute and Recurrent Transient Perivascular Inflammation of the Carotid Artery (TIPIC syndrome) and Supraclavicular Lymphadenopathy Associated with Ipsilateral Intramuscular m-RNA COVID-19 Vaccine.Infectious diseases & clinical microbiology · 2022Article
- Exclude differentials before diagnosing SARS-CoV-2-associated acute haemorrhagic necrotising encephalitis.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2022Article
- Covid-19, nervous system pathology, and Parkinson's disease: Bench to bedside.International review of neurobiology · 2022Article
- Topography and distribution of adenosine AFrontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Various authors have hypothesized carotid body (CB) involvement in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), through direct invasion or indirect effects by systemic stimuli ('cytokine storm', angiotensin-converting enzyme [ACE]1/ACE2 imbalance). However, empirical evidence is limited or partial. Here, we present an integrated histopathological and virological analysis of CBs sampled at autopsy from four subjects (2 males and 2 females; age: >70 years old) who died of COVID-19. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular investigation techniques were employed to characterize Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) viral invasion and inflammatory reaction. SARS-CoV2 RNA was detected in the CBs of three cases through Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In these cases, positive immunostaining for Nucleocapsid and Spike protein were also demonstrated, mainly at the level of large roundish cells consistent with type I cells, confirming direct CB invasion. In these cases, T lymphocytes showed focal aggregations in the CBs, suggestive of local inflammatory reaction. Blood congestion and microthrombosis were also found in one of the positive cases. Intriguingly, microthrombosis, blood congestion and microhaemorrages were also bilaterally detected in the CBs of the negative case, supporting the possibility of COVID-19 effects on the CB even in the absence of its direct invasion. SARS-CoV-2 direct invasion of the CB is confirmed through both immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR, with likely involvement of different cell types. We also reported histopathological findings which could be ascribed to local and/or systemic actions of SARS-CoV-2 and which could potentially affect chemoreception.
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