ArticlePsychology of men & masculinity2020
The "White Knight" effect: Benevolent sexism accounts for bystander intervention in party situations among high status men.
Article in Psychology of men & masculinity, 2020. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A Meta-Analytic Review of the Relationship Between Alcohol and Bystander Intervention for Sexual Assault.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2026Pooled it
- Breaking the silence: How male and female bystanders influence victims of gender prejudice.BMC psychology · 2025Article
- Progressive Moral Foundations and Empathic Concern: Facilitators of Sexual Assault Bystander Intervention.Psychology of violence · 2025Article
- (Mis)Perceptions of bystander behaviors and approval: The role of gender-specific perceived norms.Psychology of violence · 2023Article
- To help or not: negative aging stereotypes held by younger adults could promote helping behaviors toward older adults.Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Benevolent and hostile sexism in a shifting global context.Nature reviews psychology · 2023Review
- Barriers to Bystander Intervention in Sexual Harassment: The Dark Triad and Rape Myth acceptance in Indonesia, Singapore, and United Kingdom.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Prior research indicates that adherence to the male role norm suggesting men should seek to attain social status (i.e., status) is positively related to prosocial bystander attitudes and behavior; however, moderators of this effect have yet to be examined. One construct that may influence this effect is benevolent sexism. The present study sought to fill this gap in the literature. Participants were 148 men 21-30 years of age from the metro Atlanta area who reported that they had engaged in heavy drinking at least three times in the past year. A moderation model was used to examine the independent and interactive effects of adherence to the status norm and benevolent sexism on bystander behavior within party settings for friends and strangers. The model predicting bystander behavior towards friends showed a significant interaction between status and benevolent sexism (
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.