Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34764456›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Genetics2022

Perfect and imperfect views of ultraconserved sequences.

Valentina Snetkova, Len A Pennacchio, Axel Visel, Diane E Dickel

Open access · greenAbstract readHistorical ArticleReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Genetics, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
2.2field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A putativebioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. The Evolution of Bees: Insights from 'Omic Studies.Genome biology and evolution · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Ultra-Conserved Poison Exons Enable Rapid and Safe Splicing Factor Gene Expression Switches: A Hypothesis.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025
    Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. The Evolution of Ultraconserved Elements in Vertebrates.Molecular biology and evolution · 2024
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Valentina SnetkovaEnvironmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-3240
Len A PennacchioEnvironmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. lapennacchio@lbl.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8748-3732
Axel ViselEnvironmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. avisel@lbl.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4130-7784
Diane E DickelEnvironmental Genomics & Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA. dedickel@lbl.gov.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5497-6824
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory · US

Funding

Generation of an In Vivo Human Genome Transcriptional Enhancer DatasetR01HG003988 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI Len Alexander Pennacchio · 2006 to 2026
$24.1M
In Vivo Characterization of Major ENCODE-Predicted Classes of Noncoding ElementsUM1HG009421 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI PENNACCHIO, LEN ALEXANDER, VISEL, AXEL · 2017 to 2021
$6.8M
A Single-Cell Resolution Enhancer Atlas of Craniofacial DevelopmentR01DE028599 · NIDCR · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI VISEL, AXEL · 2019 to 2023
$4.2M
Linking Psychiatric Genetics to Cell-Type Specific Enhancer FunctionR01MH117106 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF CALIF-LAWRENC BERKELEY LAB · PI VISEL, AXEL · 2018 to 2022
$3.6M
NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003988NHGRI NIH HHS UM1 HG009421NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE028599NIMH NIH HHS R01 MH117106
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Across the human genome, there are nearly 500 'ultraconserved' elements: regions of at least 200 contiguous nucleotides that are perfectly conserved in both the mouse and rat genomes. Remarkably, the majority of these sequences are non-coding, and many can function as enhancers that activate tissue-specific gene expression during embryonic development. From their first description more than 15 years ago, their extreme conservation has both fascinated and perplexed researchers in genomics and evolutionary biology. The intrigue around ultraconserved elements only grew with the observation that they are dispensable for viability. Here, we review recent progress towards understanding the general importance and the specific functions of ultraconserved sequences in mammalian development and human disease and discuss possible explanations for their extreme conservation.

Indexed as

AnimalsConserved SequenceEmbryonic DevelopmentEnhancer Elements, GeneticFemaleGenomeGenomicsHistory, 21st CenturyHumansMammalsMicePregnancyRats

Identifiers

PMID34764456
PMCPMC8858888
OpenAlexW3214265256

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.