ArticleScientific reports2021
Citral modulates human monocyte responses to Staphylococcus aureus infection.
Article in Scientific reports, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxicological assessment of citral and geraniol: Efflux pump inhibition inToxicology reports · 2025Article
- Biological Activity of Monoterpene-Based Scaffolds: A Natural Toolbox for Drug Discovery.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Antifungal activity of essential oils and their potential synergistic effect with amphotericin B.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Plant Monoterpenes and Essential Oils as Potential Anti-Ageing Agents: Insights from Preclinical Data.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- Distillation of essential oils: An innovative technological approach focused on productivity, quality and sustainability.PloS one · 2024Article
- Transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential antibacterial mechanism of citral againstFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Quality and Metabolomics Analysis ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive bacterium that is considered an important human pathogen. Due to its virulence and ability to acquire mechanisms of resistance to antibiotics, the clinical severity of S. aureus infection is driven by inflammatory responses to the bacteria. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the modulating role of citral in inflammation caused by S. aureus infection. For this, we used an isolate obtained from a nasal swab sample of a healthy child attending a day-care centre in Vitória da Conquista, Bahia, Brazil. The role of citral in modulating immunological factors against S. aureus infection was evaluated by isolating and cultivating human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The monocytes were treated with 4%, 2%, and 1% citral before and after inoculation with S. aureus. The cells were analysed by immunophenotyping of monocyte cell surface molecules (CD54, CD282, CD80, HLA-DR, and CD86) and cytokine dosage (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, TGF-β, and TNF-α), and evaluated for the expression of 84 genes related to innate and adaptive immune system responses. GraphPad Prism software and variables with P values < 0.05, were used for statistical analysis. Our data demonstrated citral's action on the expression of surface markers involved in recognition, presentation, and migration, such as CD14, CD54, and CD80, in global negative regulation of inflammation with inhibitory effects on NF-κB, JNK/p38, and IFN pathways. Consequently, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12p70, IL-23, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokine expression was reduced in groups treated with citral and groups treated with citral at 4%, 2%, and 1% and infected, and levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 were increased. Furthermore, citral could be used as a supporting anti-inflammatory agent against infections caused by S. aureus. There are no data correlating citral, S. aureus, and the markers analysed here; thus, our study addresses this gap in the literature.
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