Trial reportCancer discovery2022
Adjuvant Pembrolizumab versus IFNα2b or Ipilimumab in Resected High-Risk Melanoma.
Trial report in Cancer discovery, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06365619 (Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab/Nivolumab for Patients With Recurrent, High Risk, Resectable Melanoma), which is not on this map. Cited by 76 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Phase II Study of Neoadjuvant Ipilimumab/Nivolumab for Patients With Recurrent, High Risk, Resectable Melanoma
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex, Timing, and Outcomes of Curative-Intent Immunotherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Cancer-related fatigue during treatment with neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Adjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors across solid tumors: a meta-analysis of phase II-III randomized trials.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Dabrafenib and trametinib vs anti-PD(L)1 for the adjuvant treatment of locally advanced BRAF-mutant melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The oncologist · 2025Pooled it
- A comparison of real-world data on adjuvant treatment in patients with stage III BRAF V600 mutated melanoma - Results of systematic literature research.European journal of cancer (Oxford, England : 1990) · 2025Pooled it
- Cutaneous melanoma: ESMO Clinical Practice Guideline for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2025Guideline
- Evaluating relapse-free survival as an endpoint for overall survival in adjuvant immunotherapy trials.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2023Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors and targeted therapies in resected melanoma: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Pooled it
- Neoadjuvant-Adjuvant or Adjuvant-Only Pembrolizumab in Advanced Melanoma.The New England journal of medicine · 2023Trial
- Adjuvant Therapy of Nivolumab Combined With Ipilimumab Versus Nivolumab Alone in Patients With Resected Stage IIIB-D or Stage IV Melanoma (CheckMate 915).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2023Trial
- Anti-PD-1 Therapy and Long-Term Toxic Effects Among Patients With Melanoma.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Linking early and late endpoints in adjuvant immunotherapy trials: an evaluation of multiple clinical outcomes.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Pre-treatment T-cell Transcriptional Signatures Predict Immunotherapy Outcomes in Melanoma.Research square · 2026Article
- Review
- Complete lymph node dissection versus selective lymph node extirpation in melanoma patients with nodal macrometastasis and adjuvant systemic therapy.Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG · 2026Article
- Real-World Outcomes for Patients with Clinically Node-Positive Melanoma Undergoing Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy and Nodal Dissection.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Article
- Addressing Biases in Analysis of Time of Infusion: NCI/SWOG Trial S1404 Among Participants With High-Risk Resectable Melanoma Who Received Adjuvant Anti-PD-1 Therapy.JCO oncology practice · 2026Article
- Efficacy and Safety of PD-1 Inhibitor-Based Regimens in Patients with Melanoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Adjuvant Approaches in Fully Resected Stage III and IV Cutaneous Melanoma: Where Are We Now?Cancers · 2026Review
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
31 authors at 19 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
We conducted a randomized phase III trial to evaluate whether adjuvant pembrolizumab for one year (647 patients) improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) or overall survival (OS) in comparison with high-dose IFNα-2b for one year or ipilimumab for up to three years (654 patients), the approved standard-of-care adjuvant immunotherapies at the time of enrollment for patients with high-risk resected melanoma. At a median follow-up of 47.5 months, pembrolizumab was associated with significantly longer RFS than prior standard-of-care adjuvant immunotherapies [HR, 0.77; 99.62% confidence interval (CI), 0.59-0.99; P = 0.002]. There was no statistically significant association with OS among all patients (HR, 0.82; 96.3% CI, 0.61-1.09; P = 0.15). Proportions of treatment-related adverse events of grades 3 to 5 were 19.5% with pembrolizumab, 71.2% with IFNα-2b, and 49.2% with ipilimumab. Therefore, adjuvant pembrolizumab significantly improved RFS but not OS compared with the prior standard-of-care immunotherapies for patients with high-risk resected melanoma. SIGNIFICANCE: Adjuvant PD-1 blockade therapy decreases the rates of recurrence, but not survival, in patients with surgically resectable melanoma, substituting the prior standard-of-care immunotherapies for this cancer. See related commentary by Smithy and Shoushtari, p. 599. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 587.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.