Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34763959›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2022

Impact of the Affordable Care Act on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality.

Catherine Lee, Lawrence H Kushi, Mary E Reed, Elizabeth H Eldridge, Jeffrey K Lee, Jie Zhang, Donna Spiegelman

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
0.1field-weighted citation impact, top 51% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
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  3. US Immigrants and their Knowledge of their Family History of Cancer: A Population-Based Study.Journal of cancer education : the official journal of the American Association for Cancer Education · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Catherine LeeDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; Department of Health Systems Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, California. Electronic address: catherine.lee@kp.org.
Lawrence H KushiDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
Mary E ReedDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
Elizabeth H EldridgeHealth Catalyst, Boston, Massachusetts.
Jeffrey K LeeDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California; San Francisco Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente, San Francisco, California.
Jie ZhangDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, California.
Donna SpiegelmanDepartment of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut; Center for Methods in Implementation and Prevention Science (CMIPS), Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut.
Kaiser Permanente · USCommunity Catalyst · USYale University · US

Funding

Yale Clinical and Translational Science Award (U Component)UL1TR001863 · NCATS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI John H. Krystal, LUCILA OHNO-MACHADO · 2016 to 2026
$102.9M
Comprehensive Translational Science Analytics Tools for the Global Health AgendaDP1ES025459 · NIEHS · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SPIEGELMAN, DONNA L · 2014 to 2018
$4.1M
Optimizing long-term post-polypectomy surveillance for colorectal cancer prevention using a prediction rule developed from a large, community-based cohortK07CA212057 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI LEE, JEFFREY KUANG ZOU · 2016 to 2020
$869k
NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR001863NCI NIH HHS K07 CA212057NIEHS NIH HHS DP1 ES025459
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act eliminated cost sharing for preventive services, including colorectal cancer screening for individuals aged 50-75 years with private health insurance. This study examines the impact of the Affordable Care Act's removal of cost sharing for colorectal cancer screening on colorectal cancer incidence and mortality.

methodsTrends in colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer‒related mortality were modeled among 2,113,283 Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged ≥50 years between 2003 and 2016 using an interrupted time-series design. As a sensitivity analysis, a controlled analysis utilized a comparison group of members covered with pre‒Affordable Care Act zero cost sharing for colorectal cancer screening. Analyses were performed in 2019 and 2020.

resultsThe colorectal cancer incidence dropped by 17% around the time the Affordable Care Act was enacted (change in level incidence rate ratio; 95% CI=0.77, 0.90, 2-sided p-value <0.0001), followed by a 3% further decrease per year (95% CI=0.93, 1.00, p=0.05). A similar pattern was observed for colorectal cancer‒related mortality. The controlled results indicated that the elimination of cost sharing for screening due to the Affordable Care Act was associated with greater improvements in colorectal cancer outcomes among members previously covered by health plans with out-of-pocket costs for screening than among those with health plans with zero cost sharing for screening before the Affordable Care Act.

conclusionsThe elimination of cost sharing for colorectal cancer screening due to the Affordable Care Act was associated with a decrease in age-, race/ethnicity-, and sex-adjusted colorectal cancer incidence and colorectal cancer‒related mortality, implying that policies that remove barriers to screening, particularly financial burden from cost sharing, can result in improved colorectal cancer outcomes.

Indexed as

Colorectal NeoplasmsPatient Protection and Affordable Care ActAgedCost SharingEarly Detection of CancerHumansIncidenceInsurance CoverageMiddle AgedUnited States

Identifiers

PMID34763959
PMCPMC8863627
OpenAlexW3211705680

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.