ReviewEndocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America2021
100 years of Insulin: Why is Insulin So Expensive and What Can be Done to Control Its Cost?
Review in Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Safety of the Biosimilar (B01711) and Insulin Degludec/Insulin Aspart (IDegAsp, Ryzodeg) in Healthy Chinese Adults in a Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Dose, Crossover, Phase I Study.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Trial
- Effect of an out-of-pocket insulin cap in Medicare part D.Health affairs scholar · 2026Article
- Effects of the Part D Senior Savings Model on racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare costs.Current medical research and opinion · 2025Article
- Role of biosimilar introduction on insulin glargine prices: a retrospective analysis in 28 European countries.BMJ open · 2025Article
- Trends and Inequalities in Diabetes-Related Complications Among U.S. Adults, 2000-2020.Diabetes care · 2025Article
- Burden of Disease in Refugee Patients with Diabetes on the Island of Lesvos-The Experience of a Frontline General Hospital.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes: Insights into clinical efficacy, patient-reported outcomes, and adherence challenges.World journal of diabetes · 2024Review
- The Basis for Weekly Insulin Therapy: Evolving Evidence With Insulin Icodec and Insulin Efsitora Alfa.Endocrine reviews · 2024Review
- Global Barriers to Accessing Off-Patent Endocrine Therapies: A Renaissance of the Orphan Disease?The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Review
- Economic burden, financial stress, and cost-related coping among people with uncontrolled diabetes in the U.S.Preventive medicine reports · 2023Article
- Can nutrition interventions tackle the global insulin affordability via improving diabetes management and reducing insulin demand?Global health research and policy · 2022Article
- Cost analysis and drug utilization pattern in diabetic patients attending outpatient at tertiary care teaching hospital in South Gujarat.Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The discovery of insulin 100 years ago and subsequent improvements in insulin formulations and delivery devices have changed the lives of people with diabetes. Unfortunately, the average price of insulin in the United States has nearly tripled over the past decade, and the high cost of insulin has become a barrier to diabetes treatment. On the 100th anniversary of insulin's discovery, this life-saving treatment is financially out of reach for as many as one-third of people with diabetes. The challenge now is to ensure that insulin is available for all people with diabetes who need it. We explore reasons for the high cost of insulin and recommend some clinical and policy interventions to improve insulin access and affordability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.