Observational studyJournal of the American College of Cardiology2021
Cost-Effectiveness of Lipid-Lowering Treatments in Young Adults.
Observational study in Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of statins, ezetimibe, and fibrates monotherapy or combination therapy for hyperlipidemia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Team-Based Care for Hypertension: A Meta-Analysis and Simulation Study.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2023Pooled it
- The Chronic Kidney Disease Care Model: Quantifying Management Strategies for Improving Patient Outcomes in the USA.PharmacoEconomics - open · 2026Article
- Prevalence of unreported and uncontrolled dyslipidemia in a food insecure population.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Traditional and Emerging Lipid Markers for Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Young vs Older Adults.JAMA network open · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating Value Beyond Efficacy: A Meta-Analytic Assessment of Inclisiran's Cost-Effectiveness in Cardiovascular Prevention.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Cumulative exposure to atherogenic lipoprotein particles in young adults and subsequent incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.European heart journal · 2025Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of a Polypill for Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in an Underserved Population.JAMA cardiology · 2025Article
- Health-economic evaluation of statins versus lifestyle changes for cardiovascular disease prevention.PloS one · 2025Article
- Prediction of Cumulative Exposure to Atherogenic Lipids During Early Adulthood.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2024Article
- Characteristics of Patients With Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Belgium and Current Treatment Patterns for the Management of Elevated LDL-C Levels.Clinical cardiology · 2024Article
- Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol, Cardiovascular Risk Factors, and Predicted Risk in Young Adults.Clinical cardiology · 2024Article
- The Hurdle of Access to Emerging Therapies and Potential Solutions in the Management of Dyslipidemias.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
- The Causal-Benefit Model to Prevent Cardiovascular Events.JACC. Advances · 2024Review
- Lipid-Lowering Strategies for Primary Prevention of Coronary Heart Disease in the UK: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis.PharmacoEconomics · 2024Article
- Remnant Cholesterol in Young Adulthood Is Associated With Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study.Circulation. Cardiovascular imaging · 2023Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of initial treatment with single-pill combination antihypertensive medications.Journal of human hypertension · 2023Article
- The Health and Economic Impact of Using a Sugar Sweetened Beverage Tax to Fund Fruit and Vegetable Subsidies in New York City: A Modeling Study.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Erratum issuedCorrections.2021
Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRaised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in young adulthood (aged 18-39 years) is associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) later in life. Most young adults with elevated LDL-C do not currently receive lipid-lowering treatment.
objectivesThis study aimed to estimate the prevalence of elevated LDL-C in ASCVD-free U.S. young adults and the cost-effectiveness of lipid-lowering strategies for raised LDL-C in young adulthood compared with standard care.
methodsThe prevalence of raised LDL-C was examined in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The CVD Policy Model projected lifetime quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), health care costs, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) for lipid-lowering strategies. Standard care was statin treatment for adults aged ≥40 years based on LDL-C, ASCVD risk, or diabetes plus young adults with LDL-C ≥190 mg/dL. Lipid lowering incremental to standard care with moderate-intensity statins or intensive lifestyle interventions was simulated starting when young adult LDL-C was either ≥160 mg/dL or ≥130 mg/dL.
resultsApproximately 27% of ASCVD-free young adults have LDL-C of ≥130 mg/dL, and 9% have LDL-C of ≥160 mg/dL. The model projected that young adult lipid lowering with statins or lifestyle interventions would prevent lifetime ASCVD events and increase QALYs compared with standard care. ICERs were US$31,000/QALY for statins in young adult men with LDL-C of ≥130 mg/dL and US$106,000/QALY for statins in young adult women with LDL-C of ≥130 mg/dL. Intensive lifestyle intervention was more costly and less effective than statin therapy.
conclusionsStatin treatment for LDL-C of ≥130 mg/dL is highly cost-effective in young adult men and intermediately cost-effective in young adult women.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.