ReviewNeuropharmacology2022
Peripheral versus central insulin and leptin resistance: Role in metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
Review in Neuropharmacology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Translational interdisciplinary research on human chorionic gonadotropin's enhancement of neuroendocrine crosstalk: a novel medical hypothesis for systemic adjunctive treatment of psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- NDRG1-PTEN association modulates PTEN C-terminal tail phosphorylation in insulin-resistant neurons.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Gender differences in working memory impairment and metabolic characteristics among patients with stable schizophrenia: a cross-sectional study.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Establishing a role of the insulin receptor in microglia.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- taVNS alleviates depressive-like and metabolic dysfunction in T2DD mice with modulation of hypothalamic 5-HT signaling.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Associations between REM-related respiratory disturbances, metabolic biomarkers, and memory impairment in pediatric sleep-disordered breathing.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Insulin Resistance and Inflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- From nutrient-based to food-based assessment: the evolution of inflammatory indices and their significance for metabolic syndrome and type 3 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Review
- From "Monarch, Minister, Assistant, and Envoy" to "Microbial Dialogue": A Review of Novel Mechanisms by Which Chinese Herb Pairs Improve Metabolic Diseases Through Gut Microbiota Metabolic Regulation.Gastroenterology research and practice · 2026Review
- Sex differences in leptin levels but not in the leptin response to sacubitril/valsartan in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Age and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes: the role of disease duration and stage-dependent effects.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Research Progress on Leptin in Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Fatty Liver Disease.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2025Review
- Distinct neuroimaging subtypes of ADHD among adolescents based on semi-supervised learning.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Central Zika virus infection causes hypothalamic inflammation and persistent insulin resistance in adult mice.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Dose-finding andMolecular therapy. Methods & clinical development · 2025Article
- GLP-1 Receptor Agonists in Mood Disorders: A Psychiatric Perspective.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Generalized Anxiety Disorder and Obesity: Overlapping Neuroendocrine, Metabolic, and Behavioral Pathways.Nutrients · 2025Review
- The Effects of Adipose Tissue Dysregulation on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Identification of biomarkers related to metabolically healthy or unhealthy obesity in children and adolescents with depressive disorders: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hippocampal-Specific Insulin Resistance Elicits Synaptic Effects on Glutamate Neurotransmission.Journal of neurochemistry · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Insulin and leptin are classically regarded as peptide hormones that play key roles in metabolism. In actuality, they serve several functions in both the periphery and central nervous system (CNS). Likewise, insulin and leptin resistance can occur both peripherally and centrally. Metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity share several key features including insulin and leptin resistance. While the peripheral effects of these disorders are well-known (i.e. cardiovascular disease, hypertension, stroke, dyslipidemia, etc.), the CNS complications of leptin and insulin resistance have come into sharper focus. Both preclinical and clinical findings have indicated that insulin and leptin resistance are associated with cognitive deficits and neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression. Importantly, these studies also suggest that these deficits in neuroplasticity can be reversed by restoration of insulin and leptin sensitivity. In view of these observations, this review will describe, in detail, the peripheral and central functions of insulin and leptin and explain the role of insulin and leptin resistance in various metabolic disorders, cognition, and neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.