ReviewThe Journal of physiology2023
Physiological and molecular sex differences in human skeletal muscle in response to exercise training.
Review in The Journal of physiology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 85 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
85 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 110 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Individual Resistance Training Variables on Muscle Strength: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Pooled it
- The Role and Regulation of Intramuscular Sex Hormones in Skeletal Muscle: A Systematic Review.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Pooled it
- Cerebral and muscle tissue oxygenation during exercise in healthy adults: A systematic review.Journal of sport and health science · 2024Pooled it
- Concurrent Strength and Endurance Training: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Impact of Sex and Training Status.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Pooled it
- The effects of plyometric training on physical fitness and skill-related performance in female basketball players: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Pooled it
- Sex differences in muscle protein expression and DNA methylation in response to exercise training.Biology of sex differences · 2023Pooled it
- Effects of exercise in a fed or fasted state on mitochondrial dynamics regulators in the skeletal muscle of recreationally active males.Experimental physiology · 2026Trial
- Effects of unsupervised campus HIIT on fitness and sleep in sedentary male students: a randomized controlled trial.BMC public health · 2026Trial
- The Effect of The 8-Week Core Muscle Training in Swimming Time, Swimming Force and Core Muscle Activity Among Swimmers: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Journal of sports science & medicine · 2025Trial
- Effect of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Aerobic Capacity in Female Athletes: A Randomized Controlled Study.Nutrients · 2024Trial
- Post-Lunch Napping as a Strategy to Enhance Physiological Performance and Cognitive Function in Elite Volleyball Players.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Trial
- Trial
- Age-Specific Associations of Moderate-to-Vigorous Physical Activity With Relative and Absolute Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in UK Biobank Participants.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2026Article
- Functional performance tests in male and female professional dancers from four classical ballet companies - a cohort study.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Sex- and Time-Resolved Physiological and Gut Ecosystem Responses to a Food-Grade Microbiome-Targeted Intervention in Collegiate Endurance Athletes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Sex differences in cardiometabolic and perceptual responses to high-intensity functional training and kettlebell complexes.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Association of Body Composition with Tumor Proteomics and Survival in Patients with Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- The Anatomy of Facial Muscles Revisited: High-Resolution Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Studies on Body Donors.Journal of imaging · 2026Article
- Sex-specific physical activity thresholds influencing muscle function in older adults with XX genotype of ACTN3 R577X.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Treating age-related loss of muscle mass and function: Where should we be focusing?The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
25 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sex differences in exercise physiology, such as substrate metabolism and skeletal muscle fatigability, stem from inherent biological factors, including endogenous hormones and genetics. Studies investigating exercise physiology frequently include only males or do not take sex differences into consideration. Although there is still an underrepresentation of female participants in exercise research, existing studies have identified sex differences in physiological and molecular responses to exercise training. The observed sex differences in exercise physiology are underpinned by the sex chromosome complement, sex hormones and, on a molecular level, the epigenome and transcriptome. Future research in the field should aim to include both sexes, control for menstrual cycle factors, conduct large-scale and ethnically diverse studies, conduct meta-analyses to consolidate findings from various studies, leverage unique cohorts (such as post-menopausal, transgender, and those with sex chromosome abnormalities), as well as integrate tissue and cell-specific -omics data. This knowledge is essential for developing deeper insight into sex-specific physiological responses to exercise training, thus directing future exercise physiology studies and practical application.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.