Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34761058›Full record

ArticleMovement disorders clinical practice2021

The Power of Musification: Sensor-Based Music Feedback Improves Arm Swing in Parkinson's Disease.

Stefan Mainka, Arno Schroll, Elke Warmerdam, Florin Gandor, Walter Maetzler, Georg Ebersbach

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Movement disorders clinical practice, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
4.5field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 18 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. A review of concurrent sonified biofeedback in balance and gait training.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025
    Review
  2. Review
  3. Review
  4. Arm swing deviations in patients with Parkinson's disease at different gait velocities.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Stefan MainkaMovement Disorders Hospital, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH Beelitz-Heilstätten Germany.
Arno SchrollDepartment of Training and Movement Sciences Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin Berlin Germany.
Elke WarmerdamDepartment of Neurology Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel Medizinische Fakultat Kiel Germany.
Florin GandorMovement Disorders Hospital, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH Beelitz-Heilstätten Germany.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2874-9817
Walter MaetzlerDepartment of Neurology Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel Medizinische Fakultat Kiel Germany.
Georg EbersbachMovement Disorders Hospital, Kliniken Beelitz GmbH Beelitz-Heilstätten Germany.
Neurologisches Fachkrankenhaus für Bewegungsstörungen/Parkinson · DEChristian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel · DEHumboldt-Universität zu Berlin · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundReduction of arm swing during gait is an early and common symptom in Parkinson's disease (PD). By using the technology of a mobile phone, acceleration of arm swing can be converted into a closed-loop musical feedback (musification) to improve gait.

objectivesTo assess arm swing in healthy subjects and the effects of musification on arm swing amplitude and other gait parameters in patients with PD.

methodsGait kinematics were analyzed in 30 patients during a 320 m walk in 3 different conditions comprising (1) normal walking; (2) focused swinging of the more affected arm; and (3) with musification of arm swing provided by the iPhone application CuraSwing. The acceleration of arm swing was converted into musical feedback. Arm swing range of motion and further gait kinematics were analyzed. In addition, arm swing in patients was compared to 32 healthy subjects walking at normal, slow, and fast speeds.

resultsMusification led to a large and bilateral increase of arm swing range of motion in patients. The increase was greater on the more affected side of the patient (+529.5% compared to baseline). In addition, symmetry of arm swing, sternum rotation, and stride length increased. With musical feedback patients with PD reached arm swing movements within or above the range of healthy subjects.

conclusionsMusification has an immediate effect on arm swing and other gait kinematics in PD. The results suggest that closed-loop musical feedback is an effective technique to improve walking in patients with PD.

Indexed as

arm swingmusificationoverground walkingParkinson's diseaserhythmic auditory stimulation

Identifiers

PMID34761058
PMCPMC8564817
OpenAlexW3203467615

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.