ReviewFrontiers in pediatrics2021
Host-Based Biomarkers in Saliva for the Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children: A Mini-Review.
Review in Frontiers in pediatrics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of IL-12 Levels in Diagnosing Tuberculosis Among People Living with HIV Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Recent Characterization of Key Proteins to Combat Tuberculosis.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Exploring non-sputum biosignatures for tuberculosis triage and diagnosis in children living with HIV.Expert review of molecular diagnostics · 2025Review
- Overview of mucosal immunity and respiratory infections in children: a focus on Africa.Current opinion in pediatrics · 2025Review
- A DNA Methylation Signature From Buccal Swabs to Identify Tuberculosis Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Young lungs cared enough? India's frontiers in diagnosing pediatric TB.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Review
- Non-sputum-based samples and biomarkers for detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: the hope to improve childhood and HIV-associated tuberculosis diagnosis.European journal of medical research · 2024Review
- Article
- A united model for diagnosing pulmonary tuberculosis with random forest and artificial neural network.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Article
- Understanding the bacillary load and host interaction to design a point-of-care test to diagnose tuberculosis.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2023Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Diagnostics: Present and Future.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2022Article
- The Quest for a Child-Friendly Tuberculosis Triage Test.Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in children remains a significant challenge due to its paucibacillary nature, non-specificity of symptoms and suboptimal sensitivity of available diagnostic methods. In young children particularly, it is difficult to obtain high-quality sputum specimens for testing, with this group the least likely to be diagnosed, while most at risk of severe disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) has prioritized research into rapid biomarker-based tests for TB using easily obtainable non-sputum samples, such as saliva. However, the role of biomarkers in saliva for diagnosing TB in children has not been fully explored. In this mini-review, we discuss the value of saliva as a diagnostic specimen in children given its ready availability and non-invasive nature of collection, and review the literature on the use of host-based biomarkers in saliva for diagnosing active pulmonary TB in adults and children. Based on available data from adult studies, we highlight that combinations of cytokines and other proteins show promise in reaching WHO-endorsed target product profiles for new TB triage tests. Given the lack of pediatric research on host biomarkers in saliva and the differing immune response to TB infection between children and adults, we recommend that pediatric studies are now performed to discover and validate salivary host biosignatures for diagnosing pulmonary TB in children. Future directions for pediatric saliva studies are discussed, with suggestions for technologies that can be applied for salivary biomarker discovery and point-of-care test development.
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Registered trials
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