ArticlePeerJ2021
Evolutionary history of the vertebrate Piwi gene family.
Article in PeerJ, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- A mammalian-like piRNA pathway in Axolotl reveals the origins of piRNA-directed DNA methylation.The EMBO journal · 2026Article
- A short PIWIL2 isoform PL2L60A induces functional and transcriptional changes indicative of a procancerous phenotype.Molecular biology reports · 2025Article
- Structural and evolutionary constraints shape adaptive landscapes of immune-related genes across mammalian phylogeny.PloS one · 2025Article
- Advances in PIWI-piRNA function in female reproduction in mammals.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Review
- The non-redundant functions of PIWI family proteins in gametogenesis in golden hamsters.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Retrotransposon LINE-1 bodies in the cytoplasm of piRNA-deficient mouse spermatocytes: Ribonucleoproteins overcoming the integrated stress response.PLoS genetics · 2023Article
- Transposable element and host silencing activity in gigantic genomes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Transposon control as a checkpoint for tissue regeneration.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
PIWIs are regulatory proteins that belong to the Argonaute family. Piwis are primarily expressed in gonads and protect the germline against the mobilization and propagation of transposable elements (TEs) through transcriptional gene silencing. Vertebrate genomes encode up to four Piwi genes: Piwil1, Piwil2, Piwil3 and Piwil4, but their duplication history is unresolved. We leveraged phylogenetics, synteny and expression analyses to address this void. Our phylogenetic analysis suggests Piwil1 and Piwil2 were retained in all vertebrate members. Piwil4 was the result of Piwil1 duplication in the ancestor of gnathostomes, but was independently lost in ray-finned fishes and birds. Further, Piwil3 was derived from a tandem Piwil1 duplication in the common ancestor of marsupial and placental mammals, but was secondarily lost in Atlantogenata (Xenarthra and Afrotheria) and some rodents. The evolutionary rate of Piwil3 is considerably faster than any Piwi among all lineages, but an explanation is lacking. Our expression analyses suggest Piwi expression has mostly been constrained to gonads throughout vertebrate evolution. Vertebrate evolution is marked by two early rounds of whole genome duplication and many multigene families are linked to these events. However, our analyses suggest Piwi expansion was independent of whole genome duplications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.