ArticleFrontiers in pharmacology2021
Enteric Coronavirus Infection and Treatment Modeled With an Immunocompetent Human Intestine-On-A-Chip.
Article in Frontiers in pharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- A quantitative meta-analysis comparing cell models in perfused organ on a chip with static cell cultures.Scientific reports · 2023Pooled it
- Beyond the mouse: organoids, spheroids, and organs-on-chips as the (inevitable) future of malaria research?Malaria journal · 2026Review
- Breaking barriers and beyond: Mechanisms and pathological implications of Zika virus traversal across blood-tissue interfaces.Virologica Sinica · 2026Review
- Organs-on-Chips in Drug Development: Engineering Foundations, Artificial Intelligence, and Clinical Translation.Biosensors · 2026Review
- Personalized Models of Biological Barriers and Their Diseases: Recent Progress with Organs-On-Chips.Advanced biology · 2026Review
- Half-Pipe Melt Electrowritten Scaffolds Support Engineering of an Immunocompetent Hydrogel-Embedded Intestine-on-a-Chip.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Human intestinal enteroids: Nonclinical applications for predicting oral drug disposition, toxicity, and efficacy.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal tract, its pathophysiology andWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2025Review
- Advancing intestinal disease research using gut-on-a-chip.Regenerative therapy · 2025Review
- Host-microbe-cancer interactions on-a-chip.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Integration of nanobiosensors into organ-on-chip systems for monitoring viral infections.Nano convergence · 2024Review
- Intestinal organ chips for disease modelling and personalized medicine.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Organoids as a tool to study the impact of heterogeneity in gastrointestinal epithelium on host-pathogen interactions.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2024Review
- Deciphering metabolic crosstalk in context: lessons from inflammatory diseases.Molecular oncology · 2024Review
- The emerging role of heart-on-a-chip systems in delineating mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced cardiac dysfunction.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Organ-on-chip technology: Opportunities and challenges.Biotechnology notes (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2024Review
- Patient-derived tumor models and their distinctive applications in personalized drug therapy.Mechanobiology in medicine · 2023Review
- A narrative review of alternative transmission routes of COVID 19: what we know so far.Pathogens and global health · 2023Review
- Recent Advances in Cell-Based In Vitro Models to Recreate Human Intestinal Inflammation.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
23 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many patients infected with coronaviruses, such as SARS-CoV-2 and NL63 that use ACE2 receptors to infect cells, exhibit gastrointestinal symptoms and viral proteins are found in the human gastrointestinal tract, yet little is known about the inflammatory and pathological effects of coronavirus infection on the human intestine. Here, we used a human intestine-on-a-chip (Intestine Chip) microfluidic culture device lined by patient organoid-derived intestinal epithelium interfaced with human vascular endothelium to study host cellular and inflammatory responses to infection with NL63 coronavirus. These organoid-derived intestinal epithelial cells dramatically increased their ACE2 protein levels when cultured under flow in the presence of peristalsis-like mechanical deformations in the Intestine Chips compared to when cultured statically as organoids or in Transwell inserts. Infection of the intestinal epithelium with NL63 on-chip led to inflammation of the endothelium as demonstrated by loss of barrier function, increased cytokine production, and recruitment of circulating peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Treatment of NL63 infected chips with the approved protease inhibitor drug, nafamostat, inhibited viral entry and resulted in a reduction in both viral load and cytokine secretion, whereas remdesivir, one of the few drugs approved for COVID19 patients, was not found to be effective and it also was toxic to the endothelium. This model of intestinal infection was also used to test the effects of other drugs that have been proposed for potential repurposing against SARS-CoV-2. Taken together, these data suggest that the human Intestine Chip might be useful as a human preclinical model for studying coronavirus related pathology as well as for testing of potential anti-viral or anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.