ArticleJournal of emergencies, trauma, and shock
Acute and Delayed Intracranial Hemorrhage in Head-Injured Patients on Warfarin versus Direct Oral Anticoagulant Therapy.
Article in Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shock. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retrospective Review of Head Injury: Are Pre-Injury Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy Associated with Acute Traumatic Intracranial Hemorrhage?Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association of antiplatelet agents and intracranial hemorrhage in geriatric emergency department patients with head trauma from a fall.Trauma surgery & acute care open · 2025Article
- Incidence and outcomes of delayed intracranial hemorrhage: a population-based cohort study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Higher risk of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage with antiplatelet therapy compared to oral anticoagulation-a single-center experience.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2024Article
- What's New in Emergencies, Trauma, and Shock: Head Injury in Anticoagulated Patients - An Enigma.Journal of emergencies, trauma, and shockArticle
- Analysis of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and delayed traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients with isolated head injury on anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy.Journal of neurosciences in rural practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionDirect oral anticoagulant (DOAC) use for thrombosis treatment and prophylaxis is a popular alternative to warfarin. This study compares rates of traumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) for patients on anticoagulant therapies and the effect of combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies.
methodsA retrospective observational study of trauma patients was conducted at two level I trauma centers. Patients aged ≥18 years with preinjury use of an anticoagulant (warfarin, rivaroxaban, apixaban, or dabigatran) who sustained a blunt head injury within the past day were included. Patients were evaluated by head CT to evaluate for ICH.
resultsThree hundred and eighty-eight patients were included (140 on warfarin, 149 on a DOAC, and 99 on combined anticoagulant and antiplatelet therapies). Seventy-nine patients (20.4%) had an acute ICH, while 16 patients (4.1%) had a delayed ICH found on routine repeat CT. Those on combination therapy were not at increased risk of acute ICH (relative risk [RR] 0.90, confidence interval [CI]: 0.56-1.44;
conclusionPatients on warfarin had a higher rate of acute ICH, but not delayed ICH, compared to those on DOACs. Given the low rate of delayed ICH with no resultant morbidity or mortality, routine observation and repeat head CT on patients with no acute ICH may not be necessary.
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