ArticleBMC public health2021
Age-appropriate vaccination coverage and its determinants in children aged 12-36 months in Nepal: a national and subnational assessment.
Article in BMC public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parental motivations, facilitators, and barriers to participating in a pediatric vaccine trial in Kathmandu, Nepal: A qualitative study.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Frequency and correlates of non-receipt of age-appropriate vaccination among children aged 6-35 months with medically attended diarrhea: Findings from the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella study, 2022-2024.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Effective coverage of child immunisation service in Ethiopia.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Scar among Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Vaccinated Children Presenting to an Immunisation Clinic at a Tertiary Hospital in Nepal: An Observational Study.JNMA; journal of the Nepal Medical Association · 2025Observational
- Vaccination Coverage and Adherence to Scheduling in Children Aged 0 to 18 Months: Effects of COVID-19 and Age.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Coverage and determinants of childhood vaccination during the COVID-19 pandemic in Fortaleza, Northeastern Brazil: a longitudinal analysis.Cadernos de saude publica · 2024Article
- Evaluating active leprosy case identification methods in six districts of Nepal.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2023Article
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5 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundVaccination is one of the effective ways to develop immunity against potential life-threatening diseases in children in early age. This study is focused on analysing the age-appropriate vaccination coverage at national and subnational levels and identify the factors associated with age-appropriate coverage in Nepal.
methods460 children aged 12-36 months were included in the study. The data was obtained from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016-17. Age-appropriate coverage of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccine (BCG), oral polio vaccine (OPV) doses 1-3, pentavalent vaccine (PE) doses 1-3, and first dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) were estimated using Kaplan Meier method. Multilevel logistic regression with random intercept was used to identify the factors associated with age-appropriate vaccination.
resultsThe crude coverage of the vaccines included in the study ranged from 91.5% (95% CI, 88.5-93.7) for PE3 to 97.8% (95.8-98.7) for BCG. Although the crude coverage of all the vaccines was above 90%, the age-appropriate coverage was significantly low, ranging from 41.5% (36.5-46.6) for PE3 to 73.9% (69.2-78.1) for PE1. Furthermore, high disparity in timely vaccination coverage was observed at regional level. Compared to the age-appropriate vaccination coverage in other provinces, Province 2 had the lowest coverage of all, followed by that in Province 6. The timeliness of vaccination was significantly associated with subnational regions i.e., provinces and the season of childbirth.
conclusionAlthough the immunization program in Nepal has achieved the target of 90% crude coverage of all the childhood vaccines, the age-appropriate coverage is significantly low which undermines the effectiveness of the vaccines administered. Thus, along with crude coverage, timeliness of the vaccines administered should be taken into consideration and thoroughly monitored at national and subnational levels. Provincial government should formulate tailored strategies to ensure the timely administration of the childhood vaccines.
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