SynthesisBMC cancer2021
PD-1 inhibitors versus chemotherapy as second-line treatment for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMC cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of PD-1 inhibitors as second-line treatment for advanced squamous esophageal cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis with a focus on PD-L1 expression levels.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Pooled it
- Real-world treatments and outcomes in metastatic and recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Japan: a retrospective analysis using the Millennial Medical Record database.Esophagus : official journal of the Japan Esophageal Society · 2026Article
- Comparison of induction chemotherapy with/without PD-1 inhibitors followed by concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2026Article
- S-1-based concurrent chemoradiotherapy plus nimotuzumab in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who failed neoadjuvant therapy: a real-world prospective study.Cancer biology & therapy · 2024Article
- Review
- Correlation of PD-L1 expression with CD8+ T cells and oxidative stress-related molecules NRF2 and NQO1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.The journal of pathology. Clinical research · 2024Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in gastrointestinal malignancies: an Umbrella review.Cancer cell international · 2024Review
- Advancements in the research of immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitorsTherapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2024Review
- A novel disulfidptosis-related immune checkpoint genes signature: forecasting the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- A Novel Predictor of Pathologic Complete Response for Neoadjuvant Immunochemotherapy in Resectable Locally Advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of inflammation research · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAim to establish the inhibitors of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) as second-line therapy for advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).
methodsPublished clinical trials in the PubMed, Medline, Embase databases on PD-1 inhibitors for the treatment of ESCC were searched, along with an additional search on abstracts from the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) and European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) from inception to September 2021. Overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), objective response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), and treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were synthesized using STATA.
resultsA total of 1970 patients (PD-1 inhibitors: 987; chemotherapy: 983) were enrolled in five randomized controlled trials. Compared with conventional chemotherapy, second-line PD-1 inhibitors significantly improved the OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.66-0.81; P < 0.001) and ORR (relative risk [RR] = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.16-3.05; P = 0.01) of advanced ESCC patients, especially significantly prolonged the OS in the patients with positive programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status (HR = 0.64, 95% CI: 0.53-0.77; P < 0.001); but did not better PFS (HR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68-1.14; P = 0.330) and DCR (RR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.59-1.37; P = 0.603). Moreover, PD-1 inhibitors were associated with statistically lower incidences of grade 3-5 TRAEs.
conclusionSecond line PD-1 inhibitors significantly improved the OS and ORR of patients with advanced ESCC, especially the OS of those with positive PD-L1 expression, and did not result in significant improvement in PFS and DCR. Compared to chemotherapy, second-line PD-1 inhibitors had superior safety profiles for the treatment of advanced ESCC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.