Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34758206›Full record

ArticleAnatomical sciences education2022

An analysis of anatomy education before and during Covid-19: August-December 2020.

Stefanie M Attardi, Derek J Harmon, Malli Barremkala, Danielle C Bentley, Kirsten M Brown, Jennifer F Dennis, Haviva M Goldman, Kelly M Harrell, Barbie A Klein, Christopher J Ramnanan and 1 more

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Anatomical sciences education, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
25citing papers in PubMed
6.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

25 citing papers in PubMed, 90 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.

Stefanie M AttardiDepartment of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3291-490X
Derek J HarmonDepartment of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3958-9468
Malli BarremkalaDepartment of Foundational Medical Studies, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-5338
Danielle C BentleyDivision of Anatomy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4675-6036
Kirsten M BrownDepartment of Anatomy and Cell Biology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9425-7672
Jennifer F DennisDepartment of Anatomy, Kansas City University College of Medicine, Joplin, Missouri, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1412-1527
Haviva M GoldmanDepartment of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Kelly M HarrellDepartment of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7849-9110
Barbie A KleinDepartment of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2845-7136
Christopher J RamnananDepartment of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9140-9439
Gary J FarkasDepartment of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5482-6049
Oakland University · USUniversity of California, San Francisco · USDrexel University · USGeorge Washington University · USMissouri Southern State University · USUniversity of Miami · USUniversity of Ottawa · CAUniversity of Toronto · CAVirginia Commonwealth University · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Coronavirus disease-2019 (Covid-19) disrupted the in-person teaching format of anatomy. To study changes in gross anatomy education that occurred during August-December, 2020 compared to before the pandemic, an online survey was distributed to anatomy educators. The 191 responses received were analyzed in total and by academic program, geographic region, and institution type. Cadaver use decreased overall (before: 74.1 ± 34.1%, during: 50.3 ± 43.0%, P < 0.0001), as well as across allopathic and osteopathic medicine, therapy, undergraduate, and veterinary programs (P < 0.05), but remained unchanged for other programs (P > 0.05). Cadaver use decreased internationally and in the US (P < 0.0001), at public and private (P < 0.0001) institutions, and among allopathic medical programs in Northeastern, Central, and Southern (P < 0.05), but not Western, US geographical regions. Laboratories during Covid-19 were delivered through synchronous (59%), asynchronous (4%), or mixed (37%) formats (P < 0.0001) and utilized digital resources (47%), dissection (32%), and/or prosection (21%) (P < 0.0001). The practical laboratory examination persisted during Covid-19 (P = 0.419); however, the setting and materials shifted to computer-based (P < 0.0001) and image-based (P < 0.0001), respectively. In-person lecture decreased during Covid-19 (before: 88%, during: 24%, P = 0.003). When anatomy digital resources were categorized, dissection media, interactive software, and open-access content increased (P ≤ 0.008), with specific increases in BlueLink, Acland's Videos, and Complete Anatomy (P < 0.05). This study provided evidence of how gross anatomy educators continued to adapt their courses past the early stages of the pandemic.

Indexed as

AnatomyCOVID-19CadaverEducational StatusHumansSARS-CoV-2coronavirusCovid-19gross anatomy educationintegrated curriculumlaboratorylecturemedical educationonline anatomyremote teachingstand-alone coursevirtual anatomy

Identifiers

PMID34758206
PMCPMC8653345
OpenAlexW3213341933

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.