ArticlePloS one2021
Factors associated with police shooting mortality: A focus on race and a plea for more comprehensive data.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Analysis of circumstances in police-related fatalities comparing medical examiner records with a public database.Journal of forensic sciences · 2026Article
- Understanding the Influence of Income Inequality and Violent Crime on Police Fatal Shootings in U.S. Counties: 2015-2022.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Policing as a Structural Determinant of Health.Annual review of public health · 2026Review
- Racial and ethnic disparities in fatal police shootings: Variation across U.S. states and the role of firearm ownership.PloS one · 2026Article
- The Role of Mental Health, Recent Trauma, and Suicidal Behavior in Officer-Involved Shootings: A Public Health Perspective.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Unveiling the Unseen: Documenting and Analyzing Nonfatal Shootings by Police.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- National Burden of Injury and Deaths From Shootings by Police in the United States, 2015‒2020.American journal of public health · 2024Article
- The deadliest local police departments kill 6.91 times more frequently than the least deadly departments, net of risk, in the United States.PNAS nexus · 2024Article
- Firearm availability and police shootings of citizens: a city level analysis of fatal and injurious shootings in California and Florida.Injury epidemiology · 2023Article
- Officer-Involved Shootings and Concealed Carry Weapons Permitting Laws: Analysis of Gun Violence Archive Data, 2014-2020.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2022Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo quantify nonfatal injurious police shootings of people and examine the factors associated with victim mortality.
methodsWe gathered victim-level data on fatal and nonfatal injurious police shootings from four states that have such information publicly available: Florida (2009-14), Colorado (2010-19), Texas (2015-19), and California (2016-19). For each state, we examined bivariate associations between mortality and race/ethnicity, gender, age, weapon, and access to trauma care. We also estimated logistic regression models predicting victim mortality in each state.
resultsForty-five percent of these police shooting victims (N = 1,322) did not die. Black-white disparities were more pronounced in nonfatal injurious police shootings than in fatal police shootings. Overall, Black victims were less likely than white victims to die from their wound(s). Younger victims were less likely to die from their wound(s), as well as those who were unarmed.
conclusionsRacial and age disparities in police shootings are likely more pronounced than previous estimates suggest. POLICY IMPLICATIONS: Other states should strongly consider compiling data like that which is currently being gathered in California. Absent data on nonfatal injurious police shootings-which account for a large share of deadly force incidents-researchers and analysts must be cautious about comparing and/or ranking jurisdictions in terms of their police-involved fatality rates.
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