Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34757466›Full record

ArticleSports medicine - open2021

Social Media, Body Image and Resistance Training: Creating the Perfect 'Me' with Dietary Supplements, Anabolic Steroids and SARM's.

Luuk Hilkens, Maarten Cruyff, Liesbeth Woertman, Jeroen Benjamins, Catharine Evers

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Sports medicine - open, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06131814 (Comparative Effects of Integrated and Isolated Resisted Exercise on Strength, Power and Endurance in Gym Beginners), which is not on this map. Cited by 36 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
7.6field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT06131814 naunknown statusnot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Comparative Effects of Integrated and Isolated Resisted Exercise on Strength, Power and Endurance in Gym Beginners

TypeinterventionalSponsorRiphah International UniversityRan2023 to 2024Enrolled54ConditionsIntegrated Resisted Training, Isolated Resised TrainingArms2 groups
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 77 citations in OpenAlex.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Luuk HilkensSchool of Sport and Exercise, HAN University of Applied Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
Maarten CruyffDepartment of Methodology and Statistics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Liesbeth WoertmanDepartment of Clinical Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Jeroen BenjaminsDepartment of Social, Health, and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Catharine EversDepartment of Social, Health, and Organizational Psychology, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC, Utrecht, The Netherlands. c.evers@uu.nl.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3942-0590
Utrecht University · NLHAN University of Applied Sciences · NL

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFew studies have assessed the use of dietary supplements, anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) and selective androgen receptor modulators (SARM) in male gym users. The comparison of physical appearance with others on social media and the exposure to fitness-related content on social media (i.e., image-centric social media use) may have a profound role in using these compounds due to its role in creating negative body images in male gym users.

objectiveProvide contemporary data on the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM among young male gym users, and test the hypothesis that social media is associated with the use of dietary supplements, AAS and SARM, as a result of a negative body image.

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, conducted in the Netherlands, male gym users (N = 2269; 24 ± 6 years) completed an online questionnaire including self-reported measures regarding resistance training participation, image-centric social media use, dietary supplement intake, and body image. The prevalence of AAS and SARM use was assessed with randomized response, a technique to ask sensitive questions indirectly.

resultsOf all participants, 83% used ergogenic dietary supplements (mainly protein and creatine), and an estimated 9 versus 2.7% had ever used AAS versus SARM. Image-centric social media use was positively associated with the use of dietary supplements (r = .26; p < 0.01) and AAS (p < 0.05), but not SARM. Image-centric social media use was associated with a more dissatisfied body image (r = .34; p < 0.01). Body image did not mediate the relationship between image-centric social media use and the use of doping compounds.

conclusionsThe use of dietary supplements in young male gym users is exorbitant, with the use of AAS and SARM being substantial. Image-centric social media use is positively associated with the use of dietary supplements and AAS.

Indexed as

Androgenic–anabolic steroidsBody imageDietary supplementsGym usersImage-centric social media useResistance trainingSARM’sSelective androgen receptor modulatorsSocial media

Identifiers

PMID34757466
PMCPMC8579410
OpenAlexW3213497182

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.