ArticleResuscitation2022
Are there disparities in the location of automated external defibrillators in England?
Article in Resuscitation, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- Automated External Defibrillator Availability, Accessibility, and Usability in High-Risk Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Neighborhoods of Birmingham, Alabama.Circulation. Population health and outcomes · 2026Article
- RescQ™: Study protocol for a feasibility pilot of structured support for bystanders/lay-rescuers following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Optimizing automated external defibrillator incremental deployment to improve out-of-hospital cardiac arrest coverage: a spatial optimization study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Spatial equity in the allocation of lifesaving resources: a cross-sectional spatial evaluation of automated external defibrillators in four first-tier Chinese cities.International journal of health geographics · 2026Article
- Underuse of bystander defibrillation on females during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective observational study in Aotearoa New Zealand.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Premier League Defibrillator Fund.British journal of sports medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiac arrest in children: emerging trends in resuscitation and outcomes in low-resource pediatric emergency departments.International journal of emergency medicine · 2025Review
- Spatiotemporal disparities in automated external defibrillator access: identifying national deficits.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Measuring disparities in out of hospital cardiac arrest outcomes in Chicago community areas.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Is there an association between 30-day mortality from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) and deprivation levels within Hampshire? A retrospective cohort study.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Deprivation and adverse outcomes from cardiac arrest.Resuscitation plus · 2025Article
- Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Ambulance Delay Zones and AED Placement in a Southern Brazilian City.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Cost-Effectiveness of a Community First Responder System for Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest in Poland.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
- Examining the association between ethnicity and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest interventions in Salt Lake City, Utah.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Ambulance service recognition of health inequalities and activities for reduction: An evidence and gap map of the published literature.British paramedic journal · 2024Article
- Wolf creek XVII part 4: Amplifying lay-rescuer response.Resuscitation plus · 2024Review
- Access to automated external defibrillators and first responders: Associations with socioeconomic factors and income inequality at small spatial scales.Resuscitation plus · 2024Article
- Automated external defibrillator location and socioeconomic deprivation in Great Britain.Heart (British Cardiac Society) · 2024Observational
- PULS - Austrian Cardiac Arrest Awareness Association: An overview of a multi-tiered and multi-facetted regional initiative to save lives.Resuscitation plus · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEarly defibrillation is an essential element of the chain of survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Public access defibrillation (PAD) programmes aim to place automated external defibrillators (AED) in areas with high OHCA incidence, but there is sometimes a mismatch between AED density and OHCA incidence.
objectivesThis study aimed to assess whether there were any disparities in the characteristics of areas that have an AED and those that do not in England.
methodsDetails of the location of AEDs registered with English Ambulance Services were obtained from individual services or internet sources. Neighbourhood characteristics of lower layer super output areas (LSOA) were obtained from the Office for National Statistics. Comparisons were made between LSOAs with and without a registered AED.
resultsAEDs were statistically more likely to be in LSOAs with a lower residential but higher workplace population density, with people predominantly from a white ethnic background and working in higher socio-economically classified occupations (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between AED coverage and the LSOA Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) (r = 0.79, p = 0.007), with only 27.4% in the lowest IMD decile compared to about 45% in highest. AED density varied significantly across the country from 0.82/km
conclusionsIn England, AEDs were disproportionately placed in more affluent areas, with a lower residential population density. This contrasts with locations where OHCAs have previously occurred. Future PAD programmes should give preference to areas of higher deprivation and be tailored to the local community.
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Registered trials
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