ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2022
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Reinfection Associates With Unstable Housing and Occurs in the Presence of Antibodies.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and outcome of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection in the pre-Omicron era: A global systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of global health · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical and immunological insights into SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: a propensity score-matched cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Optimal Annual COVID-19 Vaccine Boosting Dates Following Previous Booster Vaccination or Breakthrough Infection.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- History of Alcohol Use Disorder and Housing Instability as Predictors of Fatigue and Mental Health Problems During the COVID-19 Pandemic.Prevention science : the official journal of the Society for Prevention Research · 2025Article
- Role of COVID-19 infection status on the prediction of future infection: Immunity or susceptibility.PloS one · 2025Article
- Heterotypic immunity from prior SARS-CoV-2 infection but not COVID-19 vaccination associates with lower endemic coronavirus incidence.Science translational medicine · 2024Article
- Enhancing detection of SARS-CoV-2 re-infections using longitudinal sero-monitoring: demonstration of a methodology in a cohort of people experiencing homelessness in Toronto, Canada.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Association between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 antibody status and reinfection: A case-control study nested in a Colorado-based prospective cohort study.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Neutralizing Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: Importance of Comorbidities in Health Personnel against Reinfections.Viruses · 2023Article
- Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among People Experiencing Homelessness in Toronto, Canada.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the homeless population: insights from a city-wide longitudinal study.BMJ open · 2023Article
- Longitudinal study of humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 of health professionals in Brazil: the impact of booster dose and reinfection on antibody dynamics.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SARS-CoV-2 reinfection and COVID-19 severity.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- The durability of natural infection and vaccine-induced immunity against future infection by SARS-CoV-2.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients With SARS-CoV-2 Reinfection.Mayo Clinic proceedings. Innovations, quality & outcomes · 2022Article
- There are no equal opportunity infectors: Epidemiological modelers must rethink our approach to inequality in infection risk.PLoS computational biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Family matters for coronavirus disease and vaccines.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe factors associated with severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) reinfection remain poorly defined.
methodsWe identified patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and at least 1 repeat reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction result a minimum of 90 days after the initial positive test and before 21 January 2021. Those with a repeat positive test were deemed to have reinfection (n = 75), and those with only negative tests were classified as convalescents (n = 1594). Demographics, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) severity, and treatment histories were obtained from the Boston Medical Center electronic medical record. Humoral responses were analyzed using SARS-CoV-2-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and pseudovirus neutralizations in a subset of reinfection (n = 16) and convalescent samples (n = 32). Univariate, multivariate, and time to event analyses were used to identify associations.
resultsIndividuals with reinfection had more frequent testing at shorter intervals compared with the convalescents. Unstable housing was associated with more than 2-fold greater chance of reinfection. Preexisting comorbidities and COVID-19 severity after the initial infection were not associated with reinfection. SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G levels and pseudovirus neutralization were not different within the early weeks after primary infection and at a timepoint at least 90 days later in the 2 groups. In the convalescents, but not in those with reinfection, the late as compared with early humoral responses were significantly higher.
conclusionsReinfection associates with unstable housing, which is likely a marker for virus exposure, and reinfection occurs in the presence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.
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