ArticleAnnals of occupational and environmental medicine2021
Association of phthalates and early menarche in Korean adolescent girls from Korean National Environmental Health Survey (KoNEHS) 2015-2017.
Article in Annals of occupational and environmental medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cohort Evidence Links Phthalate Exposure to Early Onset of Puberty in Chinese Girls.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- The association between age at menarche and infertility: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Review
- PFAS and Phthalate/DINCH Exposure in Association with Age at Menarche in Teenagers of the HBM4EU Aligned Studies.Toxics · 2023Article
- Impact of Chemicals on the Age of Menarche: A Literature Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Ongoing increasing trends in central precocious puberty incidence among Korean boys and girls from 2008 to 2020.PloS one · 2023Article
- Environment-wide association study of elevated liver enzymes: results from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2018-2022.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhthalates are one of renowned endocrine-disrupting chemicals, although inconsistent results are present around their effect on onset of menarche. Our hypothesis is that pre-pubertal exposure to phthalates is associated with acceleration of menarche.
methodsWe analyzed a total of 236 middle school (7th to 9th grade) girls from Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2015
resultsIn linear regression analysis, no significant association was found for any phthalate metabolites. In logistic regression analysis, however, odds ratios (ORs) of early menarche were significantly increased for mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP) and for sum of all phthalates. When compared to group with the lowest level, high concentration group for MnBP presented significantly increased odds of early menarche (OR: 2.09; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03, 4.23) after adjusting for grade, maternal age of menarche and BMI. Furthermore, high concentrations of sum of all phthalates were associated with significant increase of OR of early menarche (OR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.10, 4.49) after adjustment, compared to the lowest concentration group.
conclusionsResults of our study suggest that exposure to phthalates around puberty may be associated with increased risk of early menarche.
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