Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34753909›Full record

ArticleNature communications2021

Biomimetic apposition compound eye fabricated using microfluidic-assisted 3D printing.

Bo Dai, Liang Zhang, Chenglong Zhao, Hunter Bachman, Ryan Becker, John Mai, Ziao Jiao, Wei Li, Lulu Zheng, Xinjun Wan and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed.

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  11. Nature-Inspired Innovation in Electrical Engineering Technologies and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Review
  12. Article
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  18. 3D printing of micro-nano devices and their applications.Microsystems & nanoengineering · 2025
    Review
  19. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Bo Dai *Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Liang Zhang *Engineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Chenglong Zhao *Department of Physics, University of Dayton, Dayton, OH, 45469, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-1671
Hunter BachmanDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.
Ryan BeckerDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0855-322X
John MaiAlfred E. Mann Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
Ziao JiaoEngineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Wei LiEngineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Lulu ZhengEngineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Xinjun WanEngineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Tony Jun HuangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27709, USA. tony.huang@duke.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1205-3313
Songlin ZhuangEngineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China.
Dawei ZhangEngineering Research Center of Optical Instrument and System, the Ministry of Education, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China. dwzhang@usst.edu.cn.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

After half a billion years of evolution, arthropods have developed sophisticated compound eyes with extraordinary visual capabilities that have inspired the development of artificial compound eyes. However, the limited 2D nature of most traditional fabrication techniques makes it challenging to directly replicate these natural systems. Here, we present a biomimetic apposition compound eye fabricated using a microfluidic-assisted 3D-printing technique. Each microlens is connected to the bottom planar surface of the eye via intracorporal, zero-crosstalk refractive-index-matched waveguides to mimic the rhabdoms of a natural eye. Full-colour wide-angle panoramic views and position tracking of a point source are realized by placing the fabricated eye directly on top of a commercial imaging sensor. As a biomimetic analogue to naturally occurring compound eyes, the eye's full-colour 3D to 2D mapping capability has the potential to enable a wide variety of applications from improving endoscopic imaging to enhancing machine vision for facilitating human-robot interactions.

Indexed as

AnimalsBiomimeticsHumansMicrofluidicsPrinting, Three-Dimensional

Identifiers

PMID34753909
PMCPMC8578215

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.