ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Within and between classroom transmission patterns of seasonal influenza among primary school students in Matsumoto city, Japan.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Exploring long-term psychological effects of bronchiolitis and influenza in school-aged children.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Pooled it
- County, district and community-level measles transmission in the United States in 2013-2025.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- High-resolution contact data and infectious disease absenteeism in kindergarten populations.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Hand Hygiene Practices in School Populations: Assessing Their Impact on Infectious Disease Outbreaks.Journal of paediatrics and child health · 2026Review
- Uncommon pathogen, common activity:Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Absences, Symptoms and Respiratory Viruses in a Swiss School: Longitudinal Study With Serial Saliva Sampling.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Age-Dependent Assortativeness in Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Oral Transmission in the United States: A Mathematical Modeling Analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Impact of kindergarten structures on the dynamics of hand, foot, and mouth disease and the effects of intervention strategies: an agent-based modeling study.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Mathematical Modeling of Influenza Dynamics: Integrating Seasonality and Gradual Waning Immunity.Bulletin of mathematical biology · 2025Article
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- Article
- Epidemic patterns of the different influenza virus types and subtypes/lineages for 10 years in Chongqing, China, 2010-2019.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2024Article
- Assessing COVID-19 transmission through school and family networks using population-level registry data from the Netherlands.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Endemic-epidemic modelling of school closure to prevent spread of COVID-19 in Switzerland.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Decisions and Influential Factors Regarding Class-Specific School Closures Against Seasonal Influenza Outbreak.Cureus · 2024Article
- Analysis of factors influencing influenza outbreaks in schools in Taicang City, China.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Comparing intervention measures in a model of a disease outbreak on a university campus.Royal Society open science · 2023Article
- Transmission dynamics of seasonal influenza in a remote island population.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Simulating respiratory disease transmission within and between classrooms to assess pandemic management strategies at schools.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- From Outbreak to Near Disappearance: How Did Non-pharmaceutical Interventions Against COVID-19 Affect the Transmission of Influenza Virus?Frontiers in public health · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Schools play a central role in the transmission of many respiratory infections. Heterogeneous social contact patterns associated with the social structures of schools (i.e., classes/grades) are likely to influence the within-school transmission dynamics, but data-driven evidence on fine-scale transmission patterns between students has been limited. Using a mathematical model, we analyzed a large-scale dataset of seasonal influenza outbreaks in Matsumoto city, Japan, to infer social interactions within and between classes/grades from observed transmission patterns. While the relative contribution of within-class and within-grade transmissions to the reproduction number varied with the number of classes per grade, the overall within-school reproduction number, which determines the initial growth of cases and the risk of sustained transmission, was only minimally associated with class sizes and the number of classes per grade. This finding suggests that interventions that change the size and number of classes, e.g., splitting classes and staggered attendance, may have a limited effect on the control of school outbreaks. We also found that vaccination and mask-wearing of students were associated with reduced susceptibility (vaccination and mask-wearing) and infectiousness (mask-wearing), and hand washing was associated with increased susceptibility. Our results show how analysis of fine-grained transmission patterns between students can improve understanding of within-school disease dynamics and provide insights into the relative impact of different approaches to outbreak control.
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