Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34753792›Full record

ArticleTobacco control2022

Proximity of IQOS and JUUL points of sale to schools in Israel: a geospatial analysis.

Daniel Elbaz, Yael Bar Zeev, Carla J Berg, Lorien C Abroms, Hagai Levine

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Tobacco control, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Observational
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Daniel ElbazBraun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0003-0127-9392
Yael Bar ZeevBraun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel.ORCID 0000-0002-1916-836X
Carla J BergDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-8931-1961
Lorien C AbromsDepartment of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6859-283X
Hagai LevineBraun School of Public Health and Community Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Hadassah Medical Organization, Jerusalem, Israel hlevine@hadassah.org.il.ORCID 0000-0002-5597-4916

Funding

Assessing IQOS Marketing Influences and Consumer Behavior in Israel: Implications for the USR01CA239178 · NCI · GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BERG, CARLA J, LEVINE, HAGAI · 2019 to 2021
$1.2M
NCI NIH HHS R01 CA239178
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

significanceExploring proximity and density of heated tobacco product (HTP) and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) points of sale (POS) to schools is critical for understanding youth marketing exposure and informing policy and enforcement to protect youth. This study examined IQOS and JUUL POS (prominent HTPs and ENDS), specifically their proximity to and density around schools in Israel.

methodsUsing geospatial analysis and IQOS/JUUL website data, distance matrices were used to calculate distance from each school in Israel (grades 1-12) to the nearest POS and number of POS within 1 km, accounting for schools' neighbourhood socioeconomic status (SES) ranking.

resultsAn average of 8.7 IQOS POS and 5.2 JUUL POS were within walking distance (1 km) from schools. Average distances from schools to nearest IQOS and JUUL POS were 954 m (median=365 m) and 1535 m (median=579 m), respectively. The percentages of schools with at least one IQOS or JUUL POS within 1 km were 86% and 74%, respectively. The average numbers of POS within 1 km of schools in low-SES, middle-SES, and high-SES neighbourhoods were 7.5, 9.9, and 7.6 for IQOS and 4.1, 5.9, and 5.5 for JUUL, respectively. Median distances from schools in low-SES, middle-SES, and high-SES neighbourhoods to nearest POS were 428 m, 325 m, and 403 m for IQOS and 1044 m, 483 m, and 525 m for JUUL.

conclusionsYouth experience high environmental exposure to IQOS and JUUL POS, particularly IQOS. POS were more densely located near schools in middle-SES neighbourhoods. Thus, regulating HTP and ENDS POS near schools and in certain neighbourhoods is key to reducing youth population impact in Israel and elsewhere.

Indexed as

Electronic Nicotine Delivery SystemsTobacco ProductsAdolescentHumansIsraelMarketingPolicySchoolselectronic nicotine delivery devicesnicotinepublic policysocioeconomic statussurveillance and monitoring

Identifiers

PMID34753792
PMCPMC10674050

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.