ReviewBMC medical informatics and decision making2021
ICD-11: an international classification of diseases for the twenty-first century.
Review in BMC medical informatics and decision making, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 250 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
250 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Recent Advances in AI for Automated ICD Coding: A Systematic Literature Review.Journal of medical systems · 2026Pooled it
- Validating exacerbations of asthma in electronic health records: a systematic review.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Pooled it
- Association between spirochaetal infection and neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review and quantitative synthesis of observational studies.Journal of medical microbiology · 2026Pooled it
- Global perspectives and clinical trends in Qigong research: a bibliometric and visual analysis (2005-2025).Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Global perspectives on the Sleep Condition Indicator for DSM-5 insomnia disorder: a COSMIN and STARD systematic review of psychometric and diagnostic performance.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for pain relief: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2024Pooled it
- Physical activity coaching programme for people with Long COVID: a pilot randomised clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2026Trial
- Trial
- OCTA Signal Quality Augmentation Using the Isometric Handgrip Test to Maximize Vascular Flow (SQUEEZE): A Randomized Crossover Trial.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Trial
- Forensic mortality in northern Tunisia in 2023: a cross-sectional study comparing ICD-11 and ICD-10 coding.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Data standards and interoperability for health.BMC proceedings · 2026Article
- Cancer care in Pakistan: a national survey of infrastructure, diagnostic capacity, therapeutic access, and workforce perspectives.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- Revision process for theBulletin of the World Health Organization · 2026Article
- ICD-11 "by the people for the people": The open feedback proposal platform.Health information management : journal of the Health Information Management Association of Australia · 2026Article
- AI-augmented MALDI-TOF MS screening reveals a high burden of undiagnosed monoclonal gammopathy in adult patients.iScience · 2026Article
- Frequency, Plausibility and Internal Consistency of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) Coding Related to Cystic Echinococcosis Within the Jordanian Ministry of Health Database: A Quality-Assurance Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Structuring medico-legal autopsy data for public health surveillance using the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases: a retrospective cohort study.European journal of public health · 2026Article
- The prevalence of prolonged grief disorder according to the international classification of diseases 11: a scoping review.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Initial Drug Sensitivity and Vulnerability to Substance Use Disorders: A Review of Individual Influences.Biology · 2026Review
190 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe International Classification of Diseases (ICD) has long been the main basis for comparability of statistics on causes of mortality and morbidity between places and over time. This paper provides an overview of the recently completed 11th revision of the ICD, focusing on the main innovations and their implications. MAIN TEXT: Changes in content reflect knowledge and perspectives on diseases and their causes that have emerged since ICD-10 was developed about 30 years ago. Changes in design and structure reflect the arrival of the networked digital era, for which ICD-11 has been prepared. ICD-11's information framework comprises a semantic knowledge base (the Foundation), a biomedical ontology linked to the Foundation and classifications derived from the Foundation. ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics (ICD-11-MMS) is the primary derived classification and the main successor to ICD-10. Innovations enabled by the new architecture include an online coding tool (replacing the index and providing additional functions), an application program interface to enable remote access to ICD-11 content and services, enhanced capability to capture and combine clinically relevant characteristics of cases and integrated support for multiple languages.
conclusionsICD-11 was adopted by the World Health Assembly in May 2019. Transition to implementation is in progress. ICD-11 can be accessed at icd.who.int.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.