Evidence map›Paper›PMID 34753461›Full record

ReviewBMC medical informatics and decision making2021

ICD-11 extension codes support detailed clinical abstraction and comprehensive classification.

Saskia E Drösler, Stefanie Weber, Christopher G Chute

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMC medical informatics and decision making, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
26citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

26 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. In Silico Clinical Trials in Drug Development: A Systematic Review.Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science · 2026
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  7. Coding mechanisms for main condition in ICD-11.BMC medical informatics and decision making · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Saskia E DröslerFaculty of Health Care, Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Reinarzstr 49, 47805, Krefeld, Germany. saskia.droesler@hs-niederrhein.de.ORCID 0000-0003-4160-6976
Stefanie WeberFederal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices, Kurt-Georg-Kiesinger-Allee 3, 53175, Bonn, Germany.
Christopher G ChuteSchools of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, 2024 E Monument St, Suite 1-200, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe new International Classification of Diseases-11th revision (ICD-11) succeeds ICD-10. In the three decades since ICD-10 was released, demands for detailed information on the clinical history of a morbid patient have increased.

methodsICD-11 has now implemented an addendum chapter X called "Extension Codes". This chapter contains numerous codes containing information on concepts including disease stage, severity, histopathology, medicaments, and anatomical details. When linked to a stem code representing a clinical state, the extension codes add significant detail and allow for multidimensional coding.

resultsThis paper discusses the purposes and uses of extension codes and presents three examples of how extension codes can be used in coding clinical detail.

conclusionICD-11 with its extension codes implemented has the potential to improve precision and evidence based health care worldwide.

Indexed as

International Classification of DiseasesHumansClassificationExtension codesICD11International Classification of Diseases

Identifiers

PMID34753461
PMCPMC8577174

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.